Defining evidence/DNA

Question 1

What are the Latin words for evidence?

Answer 1

Evidentita “to be visible”
Videre “to be seen”

Question 2

T or F: evidence can be anything, and anywhere

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the three main types of evidence?

Answer 3

Testimonial, documentary, and real evidence.

Question 4

Testimonial:

Answer 4

Any evidence that is given verbally during testimony.
- “oral evidence”

Question 5

Documentary:

Answer 5

Any form of documented evidence, online or physical.

Question 6

Real evidence:

Answer 6

The form of evidence in which investigators are more concerned with.
- divided into physical (non-living origin), and biological (of living origin).

Question 7

What are class characteristics?

Answer 7

A broader defining categorization of evidence, which can not always be traced back to its origin.
- Ex: shoes, due to mass production

Question 8

What are individual characteristics?

Answer 8

Distinct differences allow for the association with a single source (To a high degree of certainty).
- ex: DNA

Question 9

What are the other classifications of evidence?

Answer 9

Direct/indirect, associative, indicative.

Question 10

Direct:

Answer 10

Anything that proves or disproves the speculation of evidence.
- relies of direct observation

Question 11

Indirect:

Answer 11

Also referred to as “circumstantial”. It is evidence that is based on reasoning.
- relies impartially on speculation to support a logical fact.

Question 12

Associative:

Answer 12

Real evidence links a suspect to a scene, or in relation to a victim.

Question 13

Indicative:

Answer 13

Any real evidence (substantiates or proves) that a certain amount of time has elapsed

Question 14

What is class, latent, and trace evidence?

Answer 14

Class: real evidence that requires precise classification to be used in court.
- Requires classification for a more narrow range

Latent: real evidence that often can’t be visible (no chemical, photographic or electronic development).
Ex: fingerprints

Trace: real evidence that must be extracted from another substance or item.
- May be naked to the human eye.

Question 15

What is the importance of real evidence?

Answer 15

1. Linkage of persons to crime scenes and/or other objects
   - Locards exchange principle
2. Providing essential information on facts of a case
3. Body of crime of the element of a crime
4. Establish proof through evidence that a crime has been committed the prosecutor must prove ().

Question 16

What is serology?

Answer 16

The analysis of properties and effects of bodily fluids.
- Liquid/dry state

Question 17

What is DNA?

Answer 17

Dextrobonculic acid
- The human body is comprised of trillions of cells, that are inside almost every nucleus
- Nucleated cells have 46 chromosomes (23-matching pairs), one from mother, one from the father.
- Chromosomes contain DNA, and most cells contain DNA (Red dont, white do)