DEFINING END OF THE PERIOD

Question 1

What was the Progress of Catholic Reform in the later C16th?

Answer 1

The Catholic church was reforming and increasing in popularity once again as it had more supporters than those who were protestant and not only was it dominant in Europe, it was also exported to Africa, Asia and the Americas.

Question 2

When was The Congregation of the Oratory established?

Answer 2

The Congregation of the Oratory was established in1564 by Phillip Neri. - attracted support from important scholars and churchmen - it became a breeding ground for future church leaders.

Question 3

Popes wanted to re-establish their spiritual authority and they attempted this by?

Answer 3

• Pius V attacked the extravagance of the papal court and abolished the worst forms of money-making, such as indulgence-selling.
• He also insisted, in the spirit of the Council of Trent’s decrees, that bishops should leave Rome and go back to their dioceses.
• Gregory XIII gave additional money to all Jesuit colleges in Rome and contributed to the establishment of over 20 new colleges elsewhere.
• Sixtus V reorganised the papal administration - the curia - into its modern form. Departments, called congregations, were given specific tasks, such as running the Inquisition or maintaining the roads in the papal states.
• He also laid down guidelines for the selection of Cardinals.