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Control > Definations > Flashcards

Definations Flashcards

1
Q

Accuracy

A

Accuracy is the degree to which the output of an instrument approaches an accepted standard or true value.

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2
Q

Actuator

A

The device which applies the controller output to the correcting element

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3
Q

Calibration

A

The comparison of a device with unknown accuracy to a device with a known, accurate standard to eliminate variation in the device being checked

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4
Q

Closed loop

A

A control loop in which feedback is used to modify the behaviour of the controller

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5
Q

Cascade

A

With 2 or more controllers the output of the master is the set point for the slave controller

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6
Q

Controlled variable

A

The physical property of the system which is being controlled

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7
Q

Controller

A

The device which compares the value of the controlled condition with the desired value and if there is any difference will produce an output which cause the regulating unit to be adjusted to reduce the deviation

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8
Q

Correcting element

A

The device in the process which produces the change required to control the process

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9
Q

Deadband

A

Is the range through which the input of a device can be varied with out causing an observable response

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10
Q

Dead Time

A

Is the amount of time that it takes for your process variable to start changing after your value changes

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11
Q

Derivative

A

The D of PID with derivative action the controller output is proportional to to the rate of change of deviation between the desired value and the measured value

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12
Q

Deviation

A

The difference between the desired value and the measured value

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13
Q

Display element

A

The device which indicates the magnitude of the measured variable

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14
Q

Drift

A

The actual change in measurement value when the same characteristic is measured under the same conditions at different points in time

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15
Q

Error

A

The difference between the true and indicated value often expressed as a percentage

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16
Q

Feedback

A

The signal returning to the controller from the process

17
Q

Gain

A

A way of expressing the P part of PID the more gain a controller has the faster the loop response and more oscillatory the process

18
Q

Hunting

A

A continuous oscillation about the desired value

19
Q

Hysteresis

A

The maximum difference between readings for the same input when approached from opposite directions

20
Q

Integral action

A

The I in PID output that varies at the rate that is proportional to the deviation between the desired value and the measured value can be shown as the area between DV and MV when shown graphically

21
Q

Linearity

A

A measure of the maximum deviation from a linear relationship usually expressed as a percentage of full scale

22
Q

Load Upset

A

An upset to the process that is not from changing the set point

23
Q

Lag time

A

The amount of time after the dead time that the process variable take a to move 62.3% of its value after a step change in valve position

24
Q

Manipulated variable

A

The property in a control system that is being changed to maintain the controlled variable at the desired value

25
Q

Offset

A

A permanent difference between the measured value and the desired value in a control system

26
Q

Open loop control

A

A control system in which no feedback of the process variable is present

27
Q

Precision

A

If a measuring instrument is subjected to the same input on a number of occasions and the output results are together then the instrument is precise

28
Q

Range

A

The region between the limits within which a quantity is measured

29
Q

Regulator

A

When a controller changes a process variable to move the process variable back to the set point

30
Q

Repeatability

A

An indication of the precision of an instrument and provides a measure of the closeness of the readings for a repeated input value when the element is remains connected to its input

31
Q

Reproducibility

A

An indication of the precision of an instrument and provides a measure of the closeness of the readings for a given constant input when the element is disconnected from its input then reinstalled

32
Q

Resolution

A

Resolution is defined as the smallest interval between two adjacent and discrete details that can be distinguished from each other

33
Q

Sample Interval

A

The rate at which a controller samples the process variable

34
Q

Sensitivity

A

The ratio of a change in output magnitude to the change of input that causes it

35
Q

Time Constant

A

A calculated figure given in seconds used as the indication of the speed of a system

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