DEfinations Flashcards
exculpatory evidence
applied to evidence which may justify or excuse an accused defendant’s actions, and which will tend to show the defendant is not guilty or has no criminal intent
circumstantial evidence
proof in a trial which is not directly from an eyewitness or participant and requires some reasoning to prove a fact
EXTRADITION
an individual charged with a federal crime may be moved from one state to another
Diplomatic Immunity
allows foreign representatives to work in host countries without fully understanding all the customs of that country; however, these representatives are still expected to respect the laws of their host countries
The UN
has the primary responsibility for maintaining peace and security
Leading Questions
a question which puts into the witness’ mouth the words to be resonated back, or plainly suggests the answer which the party wishes to get from the witness
professional misconduct
Professional misconduct relates to how the police and prosecution handle a case
open ended questions
Questions that cannot be answered by yes or no. These questions begin with “who,” “what,” “why,” “where,” and “when.”
Direct Evidence
evidence of a fact based on a witness’s personal knowledge or observation of that fact
ReCross
the examination of a witness who has already testified in order to check or discredit the witness’s testimony, knowledge, or credibility
Innocence Canada
An organization that provides expertise to several public inquiries related to cases or causes of wrongful convictions in Canada
The Security Council
Main policy making organ of the United Nations. It provides a unique forum for multilateral discussion of international issues.
Hague Netherlands
The seat of the International criminal Court and the International Court of Justice.
Direct evidence
Evidence, if true prove a fact without any inferences
Circumstantial evidence
Strong enough to imply a fact or event
Testimonial evidence
Evidence given by an eyewitness, usually under oath
Physical evidence
Any object or material that is relevant in a crime
Individual evidence
Linked to a particular source
Class evidence
Associated with a group
Hearsay
IT asks the witness to answer a question about which they do not have first hand knowledge
Transient evidence
elements of physical evidence that might be expected to degrade or disappear within a particular time frame.
Biological evidence
consists of bodily fluids and tissues (blood, semen, saliva, hair, vomit)
Crime Scene search patterns
- spiral
- line/parallel
- grid
- zone
Chemical evidence
Chemical evidence (fibers, glass, minerals, narcotics, ink, paint)
Types of fingerprints (3)
- Visible Prints
when a foreign substance on the skin of
a finger comes in contact with the smooth surface of another object. These prints leave a
distinct ridge impression that is visible with the naked eye without technological enhancement - Plastic PRints
are visible, impressed prints that occur when a finger touches a soft, malleable surface resulting in an indentation. - Latent Prints
are fingerprint impressions secreted in a surface or an object and are usually invisible to the naked eye.
Crime Scene Logs (3)
Enter/exit Log
Evidence Log
Photo Log
Sanctions
Sanctions can be used to place economic restrictions on entire countries, sectors of countries’ economies, individuals, or entities.
Nuremberg Trials
Nazi get charged on war crimes
Veto power
Permanent members have veto power when the council decides on important issues
Referendum
Direct vote taken to accept or reject a particular proposal
- quebec referendum
