Defi Flashcards
Acid
Proton donor
Base
Proton acceptor
Hydrated substance
Is a substance that is chemically combined with water
Anhydrous substance
Is a substance containing no water
Water of crystallization
Are the water molecules present in hydrated crystals
Amphoteric oxides
Oxides that react with acids and bases to produce Salt and water
Stone acid
Is ax acid that has completely disassociated in an aqueous solution
Weak acid
Is an acid that has partially disassociated in an aqueous solution
Element
Consists of one single type of atom
Compound
Two more more elements chemicals combined
Mixture
Two or more events not chemically combined
Atom
A central nucleus containing proteins and neutrons surrounded by electrons in shells
Proton number/ atomic number
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass number/ nucleon number
The number of protons and neutrons on the nucleus of An atom
Isotopes
Different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Ionic bonding
Sting electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charges ions
Giant lattice structure of an ionic bond
Regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions
Covalent bond
Formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms leading to noble gas configuration
Metallica bonding
Attraction between the positive ions in a giant metallic lattice and a ‘sea‘ of delocalized electrons
Molecular formula
The number and type of different atoms present in a molecule
Empirical
Formula
Simplest whole number ratio of the atoms or ions in a compound
Relative atomic mass
Is the average mass of isotopes of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of carbon 12
Relative molecular mass
The sum of the relative atomic masses
The mole/mol
Is the unit of amount of substance, one mole is 6.02 * 10^23 particles ( avagadros constant )
Electrochemistry
The decomposition of an ionic compound when molten or in an aqueous solution by the passage of an electric current
Anode
Positive electrode
Cathode
Negative electrode
Electrolyte
Molten or aqueous Ionic compound that undergoes electrolysis
The transfer of charge during electrolysis
Includes the movement of electrons in the external circuit and the loss or gain of electrons at the electrodes and the movement of ions in the electrolyte
Hydrogen oxygen fuel cell
Uses hydrogen and oxygen to provide electricity with water as the only chemical product
Exothermic reaction
Transfers thermal energy to the surroundings leading to an increase in temperature of the surroundings
Endothermic reaction
Takes in thermal energy from the surroundings leading to a decrease in temperature of the surroundings
Enthalpy change
Transfer of thermal energy during a reaction
Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy that colliding particles must have to react
Catalyst
Increases the rate of a reaction and is unchanged at the end of a reaction
Redox reaction
Involving simultaneous oxidation and reduction
Oxidation
Gain of oxygen, loss of electrons, increase in oxidation numbee
Reduction
Loss of oxygen, increase in electrons,
Decrease in oxidation number
Oxidizing agent
A substance that oxidizes anouther substance and is itself reduced
Reducing agent
A substance that reduces anouther substance but it itself oxidises
Periodic table
An arrangement of elements in periods and groups and in order of increasing proton number/ atomic number
Alloy
Mixture of metals with other elements
Photosynthesis
Reaction between carbondioxide and water to produce oxygen and glucose in the presence of chlorophyll using energy from light
