defecation

Question 1

What systems are involved in defecation?

Answer 1

GIT
nervous
muscoskeletal

Question 2

What does the right colon do?

Answer 2

reservoir that mixes and stores contents

Question 3

What does the left colon do?

Answer 3

conduit - transmits water and fluid

Question 4

What does the colon do?

Answer 4

• delays passage to allow for water absorption
• mixing of contents with mucosa
• storing before defecation
• propel towards rectum
• begin urge

Question 5

what 2 sphincters control defecation?

Answer 5

internal anal sphincter

external anal sphincter

Question 6

internal anal sphincter (muscles and voluntary/involuntary)

Answer 6

smooth muscle cells

involuntary control

Question 7

external anal sphincter

Answer 7

striated muscle cells

voluntary control

Question 8

What nerve controls voluntary motor control of fecal/urinary continence?

Answer 8

pudendal nerve

Question 9

Where does pudendal nerve come from?

Answer 9

sacral spinal cord

S2 - S4

Question 10

Where does pudendal nerve go to?

Answer 10

anus
vagina
bladder

Question 11

What nerve regulates emptying of bladder and opening/closing of urethral sphincter?

Answer 11

pelvic nerve

Question 12

Where does the pelvic nerve go to?

Answer 12

rectum

bladder

Question 13

What nerve for proprioception and functioning of urethral/anal sphincters?

Answer 13

hypogastric nerve

Question 14

What dos the pudendal nerve do?

Answer 14

voluntary motor control of fecal/urinary contenince

Question 15

What dos the hypogastric nerve do?

Answer 15

proprioception and proper functioning of urethral and anal sphincters

Question 16

What dos the pelvic nerve do?

Answer 16

regulates emptying of bladder

open/closes urethral sphincter

Question 17

When is the pre-defecatory phase?

Answer 17

1hr before defecation

Question 18

What happens in pre-defecatory phase?

Answer 18

colon experiences an increase in peristaltic waves

mass movement from intestine into rectum

Question 19

Recto-anal inhibitory reflex?

Answer 19

determines whether contents are gaseous/liquid/solid

Question 20

What does contact of the stool with receptors in upper anal canal affect?

Answer 20

relaxation of the inner anal sphincter

Question 21

What contracts during excretion?

Answer 21

abdominal muscles

Question 22

What relaxes during excretion? (2)

Answer 22

external anal sphincter

puborectalis muscle

Question 23

What causes steatorrhea?

Answer 23

lack of adequate amounts of pancreatic enzymes
lack of bile acids
intestinal malabsorption

Question 24

When is steatorrhea common?

Answer 24

after gallbladder removal

Question 25

Symptoms of clostridioides infection?

Answer 25

watery diarrhoea
fever
nausea
abdominal pain