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Question 1

What are annotated tags and what is the function?

Answer 1

Label that shows the state of the project.

git tag -a -m “I love cheesecake”

Question 2

How to copy and paste in git bash console?

Answer 2

CTRL + Insert (copy) | SHIFT + Insert (paste)

Question 3

Command to turn a folder into a GIT repository

Answer 3

git init

after complete try:
ls -a
to show subdirectories (-a for the hidden ones)

Question 4

What does SHA-1 mean?

Answer 4

A 40 character revision identifier that is used in git. It is (almost unique) - meaning no oher input data should ever produce the same hash. However, the same input data should always produce exactly the same hash.
Every object that is processed by the git repository has a unique SHA-1, which allows us to control versions.

Question 5

What are the objects in git?

Answer 5

Blobs
Trees
Commits
Annotated Tags

Question 6

How to add files to git repository?

Answer 6

git add recipes/apple_pie.txt

git status

git commit -m “Recipe Added”

Question 7

Concept of GIT as a map

Answer 7

Git is a map where the keys are SHA-1’s and the values are pieces of content

Question 8

Commit the changes into your local repository

Answer 8

git commit -m "Comment" 
git status (to check the status)
git log (to check the logs)

Question 9

What happens after a git checkout?

Answer 9

Git replaces files in the working area -> it changes to the content of the commit pointed at by the branch. Also: Moves the HEAD

Question 10

How to see the content of a hash (low level plumbing command)?

Answer 10

git cat-file {SHA-1}

(you do not need to know the hash exactly, you may know just the beginning - git will open the correct object if there are not conflicts)

Question 11

How do you force a push?

Answer 11

git push -f

(force push, as you can guess will overwrite the origin repository with your local versions of the project,
if used unwisely it might result in a loss of data)

Question 12

What is a branch?

Answer 12

Branch in general understanding is just a reference to a commit. When working on a branch each commit will move the HEAD to the latest commit.
Before merging and pushing the project into origin, there might be need to get rid of all the conflicts.

Question 13

What is the HEAD?

Answer 13

HEAD points us to the branch we are currently operating in.
it is the (*), which is visible when you git branch.
git checkout (allows us to switch between branches)

Question 14

Three basic rules

Answer 14

1. The current branch tracks new commits
2. When you move to another commit, Git updates the working directory
3. Unreachable objects are garbage collected

Question 15

How to list references in a local repository?

Answer 15

git show-ref master (show state of remote and origing branches)
git show-ref –heads (will show the position of the head and the hash of the commit)

Question 16

What is the purpose of a Tag?

Answer 16

Tag is like a branch that doesn’t move. It shows the state of the projects. Tags can be divided into Annotated Tags and Unannotated Tags (Lightweight tags).

Question 17

What is the difference between Unannotated (Lightweight) Tags and Annotated Tags?

Answer 17

The difference between the commands is that one provides you with a tag message while the other doesn’t.
An annotated tag has a message that can be displayed with git-show(1), while a tag without annotations is just a named pointer to a commit.

Question 18

What are the platforms that you can chose, when you decide to use git as your source control?

Answer 18

GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket

Question 19

What is the workflow when making changes in the git repository.

Answer 19

You can git add files to the staging area -> making them tracked with the commit. We have full control, so we can add 2/3 of files because the 3rd one is not ready.
Then we git commit -m ‘message about commit’.
Then we should git pull from the cloud repository and take care of merge conflicts if they happen.
Then we can finally push into repository.

Question 20

How do you add all the files that you have changed in a commit?

Answer 20

There is a shortcut

git commit -am