DEF: Infection control

Question 1

Define flora

Answer 1

normally present - harmless or beneficial

Question 2

Define colonise

Answer 2

microbes present but not causing disease

Question 3

Define opportunistic

Answer 3

causes disease only in susceptible people

Question 4

Define virulence

Answer 4

the degree to which microbe causes a disease

Question 5

Guess: cessation of the section of urine

Answer 5

Anuria

Question 6

Guess: involuntary urination

Answer 6

Enuresis

Question 7

Guess: presence of glucose in the blood

Answer 7

glycosuria

Question 8

Guess: the act of passing urine

Answer 8

micturition

Question 9

Guess: abnormally large urine output

Answer 9

polyuria/diuresis

Question 10

Constipation

Answer 10

incomplete or infrequent emptying of the bowel.

collection of hardened faeces in the bowel

Question 11

describe the physiological changes with ageing

Answer 11

• integument (thiiner/frailer skin/nails)
• neuromuscular ( gradual reduction in speed/power of skeletal muscles/ slow reaction time/overall stature)
• sensory/perceptual (5 senses)
• gastrointestinal (reduced saliva, stomach/oesophageal motility/intestinal absorption)
• urinary
• metabolism (slows down/less effective process of medications)

Question 12

list the psychosocial changes with ageing

Answer 12

• retirement
• economic change
• relocation
• grandparetning
• maintaining independence and self esteem
• facing death and grieving

Question 13

when discussing a nurses cultural competence and care, what must you incluce?

Answer 13

• ethnocentricity
• definition of culture
• by understanding the client’s past experiences, believes values and expectations, the nurse is in a better position to deliver safe, culturally sensitive care to individuals, families and communities. Self awareness of personal biases can able nurses to develop modifying behaviours

Question 14

list the 9 pulse sites

Answer 14

temporal
carotid
apical 
femoral
brachial
posterior tibial
popliteal
pedal
radial

Question 15

when assessing someones pulse. What are the 3 things we assess for?

Answer 15

60-80bpm at rest
steady
regular

Question 16

what is ventilation

what is inspiration/expiration ?

Answer 16

• the movement of air in and out of the lungs

- breathing in or intake of air into the lungs

Question 17

what are the 2 types of breathing?

Answer 17

costal breathing (thoracic) observed by the movement of chest upward and outward

diaphragmatic (abdominal) observed by the movement of the abdomen

Question 18

describe the mechanics of inhalation

Answer 18

• diaphragm contracts
• ribs move upward and outward
• sternum moves outwards, thus enlarging the hoax
• lungs expand
• inspiration lasts 1-1.5 seconds

Question 19

describe the mechanics of exhalation

Answer 19

dia relaxes
ribs move downward/inward
sternum moves inward, thus decreasing size of thorax
lungs are compressed
last 2-3 seconds

Question 20

when assessing respiration, what are the 5 things we assess for?

Answer 20

rate
depth
rhythm 
quality 
effectiveness of respirations

Question 21

what are potential errors when taking 02 saturation readings?

Answer 21

circulation
activity
nail polish/false nails

Question 22

define anuria

Answer 22

cessation of the section of urine

Question 23

define polyuria/diuresis

Answer 23

abnormally large urine output

Question 24

what is the importance of sleep

Answer 24

restores normal activity in NS
prevent fatigue
conserve energy
restore mind and body

Question 25

define pain

Answer 25

an unpleasant sensation ranging from mild discomfort to agonising distress

Question 26

what is the nursing assessment of pain?

Answer 26

we use the COLDSPA acronym ``` C character O onset L location D duration S severity P pattern A associated factors ``` document

Question 27

What is the name if the chart used to measure the pain in people with dementia who cannot verbalise?

Answer 27

The abbey pain scale

Question 28

what is the correct sequence of tissue repair? a) inflammation, reconstruction, haemostats, maturation b) haemostats, inflammation, reconstruction, maturation c) inflammation, haemostasis, maturation, reconstruction d) haemostasis, inflammation, maturation and reconstruction

Answer 28

b) haemostats, inflammation, reconstruction, maturation

Question 29

when selecting a dressing, what must be base the dressing on?

Answer 29

T - Tissue is viable or non-viable? I - Infection of inflammation M - Moisture balance E - Edges - undermined or advancing

Question 30

what are pressure injuries

Answer 30

PI are any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure

Question 31

what are the 4 causes of pressure injuries

Answer 31

pressure friction shearing moisture

Question 32

what is the chart used to assess pressure injuries

Answer 32

the Braden scale

Question 33

what is the difference between continence and incontinence

Answer 33

continence - the ability to 'hold' incontinence is accidental/involuntary loss of urine from the bladder or bowel motion

Question 34

what are the causes of (stress) urinary incontinence?

Answer 34

lack of pelvic floor strength and bladder/sphincter incompetence constipation post prostate surgery menopause

Question 35

what are vitamins

Answer 35

Essential organic compounds that cannot be manufactured by the body

Question 36

what are minerals

Answer 36

Inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical reactions.

Question 37

What are the 5 steps associated with all hazardous manual handling tasks?

Answer 37

``` SAFER: Spot the hazard Assess the risk Fix/control the problem, Evaluate control strategy Review the hazard, risks and controls periodically ```

Question 38

when is consent not required

Answer 38

the law permits collection. Collection is necessary for a health service. Serious and imminent threats to life or health. Information is required for management, research or statistical purposes

Question 39

List the 3 functions of nutrition/nutrients?

Answer 39

- energy for body processes - structural material for body tissues - regulating body processes.