Deeper Parts of the CNS (Lecture #3) Flashcards
structures of the basal ganglia
caudate
putamen
globus pallidus
basal ganglia is made up of (axons/cell bodies)
cell bodies
function of basal ganglia
refining movement
help determine extent of speed of movement
help suppress unwanted movement
are cerebral hemispheres longer in the anterior-posterior direction or the superior-inferior direction?
anterior-posterior
internal capsule
axons going from thalamus to cerebral cortex
of
axons going from cerebral cortex to basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, or spinal cord
parts of internal capsule
anterior limb
genu
posterior limb
3 major parts of the diencephalon
thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus (pineal gland)
what is the largest portion of the diencephalon
thalamus
how many thalami does the brain have?
1 for each hemisphere
what is the only collection of cell bodies that can send info directly to the cerebral cortex?
thalamus
hypothalamus function
homeostasis
how many hypothalami do we have?
1
mammillary bodies
part of the hypothalamus involved in memory
epithalamus
thought to be involved in sleep-wake cycle
parts of brainstem
midbrain
pons
medulla
cranial nerves attached to cerebral hemispheres
CN I
cranial nerves attached to diencephalon
CN II
cranial nerves attached to midbrain
CN II, IV
cranial nerves attached to pons
CN V
cranial nerves attached to junction between pons and medulla
CN VI-VIII
cranial nerves attached to medulla
CN IX, X, XII
cranial nerves attached to spinal cord
CN XI
cranial nerves
I Olfactory II Optic III Oculomotor IV Trochlear V Trigeminal VI Abducens VII Facial VIII Vestibulocochlear IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Accessory XII Hypoglossal
CN II function
(optic)
vision
CN III function
(oculomotor)
eye movement, makes pupil smaller
CN IV function
(trochlear)
eye movement
CN V function
(trigeminal)
face sensation
muscles of mastication
CN VI function
(abducens)
eye movement
CN VII function
(facial)
movement of face
taste
CN VIII function
(vestibulocochlear)
hearing
sensation of movement
CN IX, X function
(glossopharyngeal, vagus)
swallowing
gagging
voice quality
CN XI function
(accessory)
turn head
shrug shoulders
CN XII function
(hypoglossal)
move tongue
what is inside the brainstem?
- cranial nerve nuclei
- reticular formation
- 3 long pathways
- other nuclei
cranial nerve nuclei
cell bodies for muscles in neck and head
cell bodies for receiving sensory info from head and neck
parasympathetic cell bodies
reticular formation
net-like collection of cell bodies and axons in the center area of the brainstem
function of rostral part of reticular formation
maintaining consciousness
function of caudal part of reticular formation
motor and autonomic functions (swallowing, vomiting)
3 long pathways thru brainstem
- corticospinal tract (always ventrally located)
- dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway (medial)
- anterolateral pathway (lateral)
other nuclei in brainstem
midbrain: red nucleus, substantia nigra
pons: pontine nuclei
how many lateral ventricles do we have?
one in each hemisphere
where is the third ventricle located
between thalami
where is fourth ventricle located
dorsal aspect of pons