Deep Vein Thrombosis Flashcards

1
Q

What risk factors make up Virchow’s triad?

A

Stasis of blood flow
Endothelial injury
Hypercoagulability

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2
Q

What are the risk factors for DVT? (5)

A

Age
Obesity
Surgery, immobility/ bed rest, leg fracture, plaster of Paris
High oestrogen states - combined OCP, HRT, pregnancy
Long haul flights/ travel

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of a DVT? (4)

A

Calf pain
Calf swelling
Calf warmth
Redness

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4
Q

What are the signs of a DVT? (2)

A

Ankle swelling

Pitting oedema

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5
Q

How would you investigate a DVT? (2)

A

D-Dimer in blood: negative EXCLUDES DVT diagnosis

Ultrasound compression: if vein compresses = no clot. If vein doesn’t compress = CLOT!

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6
Q

How would you treat DVT? (3)

A

LMWH (until warfarin kicks in)
Warfarin/ DOACs
Compression stockings

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7
Q

How does LMWH work?

A

(Activates antithrombin III which then) Inactivates factor Xa

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8
Q

How does warfarin work?

A

Antagonises vitamin K dependent clotting factors - 2, 7, 9, 10

(Blocks the liver from using vit K to make clotting factors)

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9
Q

How can you prevent a DVT from occurring? (3)

A

Compression stockings
Early mobilisation
Leg elevation

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