Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ESCI 111 > Deep Time > Flashcards

Deep Time Flashcards

1
Q

Hadean

A

4.56Ga

Earth Formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Archean

A

4.0Ga

Oxygen producing cyanobacteria (boundary of Archean and Protozoic).
Early bacterias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Phanerozoic

A

0.546Ga

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cambrian

A

5.46Ma

Main plant Phyla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ordovian

A

485Ma

Land plants (upper of the period)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Silurian

A

444Ma

Jawed fishes (lower of the period)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Devonian

A

419Ma

Devonian (upper of the period)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Carboniferous

A

358Ma

Reptiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Permian

A

289Ma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Triassic

A

252Ma

Mammals (boundary with Jurassic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Jurassic

A

201Ma

Dinosaurs (lower Jurassic/Triassic boundary)
Birds (middle of Period)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cretaceous

A

145Ma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Paleogene

A

66Ma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Neogene

A

23Ma

Primates (Miocene)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Quaternary

A

2.58Ma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Paleocene

A

66Ma

17
Q

Eocene

A

58Ma

18
Q

Miocene

A

23Ma

Priamates

19
Q

Pliocene

A

5.8

20
Q

Pleistocene

A

2.58Ma

21
Q

Holocene or recent

A

0.0018Ma

22
Q

How many moons and planets are there?

A

160 moons and 8 planets.

23
Q

What is the Nebular Theory

A

The Nebular Theory states that the bodies of our solar system evolved from an enormous rotating cloud called, Solar Nebula.

24
Q

How old is Earth?

A

About 4.56Ga

25
Q

How old is New Zealand?

A

About 0.5Ga

26
Q

How old is the oldest Crystal and what is it?

A

Zircon and 4.3Ga

27
Q

What do Ga and Ma stand for?

A

Giga annual and Mega annual

28
Q

In order, what is the evolution of Earth?

Hint: 13 steps

A
  1. The Big Bang (13.7/14 Ga) - the origin of the universe.
  2. Early Inflation (helium and hydrogen atoms created).
  3. Our galaxy forms 10Ga.
  4. Heavy elements synthesized by supernova explosions (gravity causes Clumping).
  5. Solar nebula begins to contract 4.7Ga.
  6. as material collects to form protosun rotation flattens nebula.
  7. Acceleration of planetesimals to form Earth and other planets.
  8. Continual bombardment and the decay of radioactive elements.
  9. produces magma ocean.
    Gravity causes clumping.
  10. Mars-sized object impacts young earth 4.6Ga.
  11. Debris orbits the Earth and accelerates.
  12. Formation of Earth-moon system 4.5Ga.
  13. Outgassing produces Earth’s primitive atmosphere
29
Q

Explain the Nebula

Hint: Started - elements

A

The Nebula started to gravitationally collapse and contracted into a rotating disc that was heated by the conversion of gravitational energy to thermal energy.

The cooling caused rocky and metallic material to condense (outer portion, covered in a thick layer of ice: CO2, H2O, methane and ammonia.

30
Q

What did the cooling of the Nebula do?

Hint: Cooling of rocky and metallic material

A

The cooling caused rocky and metallic material to condense (outer portion, covered in a thick layer of ice: CO2, H2O, methane and ammonia.

31
Q

What and when did the first elements form?

A

About 13.7 billion years ago, the universe began to expand and cool, causing the first elements, hydrogen and helium to form to then condense into stars and galaxies.

32
Q

What would the temperature be if Earth didn’t have an atmosphere?

A

Earth would be 60oF colder.

33
Q

What is Earth’s atmosphere made up of?

A

78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
1% Argon

34
Q

What happened to hydrogen and helium present in Earth’s atmosphere?

A

Although hydrogen and helium were present during the formation of Earth, they escaped into space as Earth’s gravity was too weak to hold them.

In saying that, they are still the most abundant elements in the universe.

35
Q

How were the oceans formed and what was the result?

Hint: weather and life.

A

As Earth cooled, water vapour condensed formation clouds, and torrential rains began to fill low-lying areas (oceans).

Here PHOTOSYNTHESIS BACTERIA began to release O2 in the water. It accumulated on the seafloor (Precambrian 3.5-2 billion years ago), called branded ion formations.

36
Q

O2 levels in the past

A
  1. 2 billion years ago, there were significant levels of O2 in the atmosphere.
  2. 5billiob years ago there were stable levels of O2 in the atmosphere.
37
Q

Protozoic

A

2.5Ga

Early multicellular life

38
Q

What is the new geological Epoch which reflects change?

not official yet

A

Anthropocene

  • Approximately starts in the 1950s
  • Widespread nuclear testing and radioactive
  • It is also known as the Great Acceleration (economy speed up).
  • For the first time humans have made a lasting imprint.

ESCI 111 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions