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Equine Superficial Muscles > Deep Muscles - Module #1 > Flashcards

Deep Muscles - Module #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the semimembranosis muscle originate?

A

Under the 1st 2 caudal tail vertebrae
Medial ishial tuberosity
Sacrosiatic ligament

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2
Q

Where does the semimembranosis muscle insert?

A

Below the stifle on the inside of the femur

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3
Q

What are some actions of the semimembranosis muscle?

A

Draw the hindlimb medially and will retract the hind leg

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4
Q

What are some troubles associated with the semimembranosis muscle?

A

If tight May keep hind leg drawn inward
May be tight enough to draw ishial tuberosity inward and create a crooked pelvis
May have issues stepping outward with hind leg

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5
Q

How deep can the middle gluteal be?

A

10-12 inches

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6
Q

Where does the middle gluteal originate?

A

Ilium
Gluteal fascia
And sacroiliac ligament

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7
Q

Where does the middle gluteal insert?

A

At the outside of the hip joint at the femur

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8
Q

What are some actions of the middle gluteal?

A

Pushing the horse forward
Extension of the hip
Pull hindlimb outward

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9
Q

What are some troubles associated with the middle gluteal?

A

Can be tender
Tenderness can be related to the SI joint
If one muscle is tighter the pelvis may look crooked

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10
Q

What 4 muscles make up the femoral quadriceps?

A

Vastus medialis
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Intermedius
Rectus Femoris

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11
Q

Where does the top muscle (rectus femoris) originate?

A

At the ilium

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12
Q

Where do the other three femoral quadriceps originate?

A

At the femur

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13
Q

Where do all 4 quadriceps muscles insert?

A

At the patella

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14
Q

What are some actions of the quadriceps muscles?

A

Extend the stifle

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15
Q

What are some troubles associated with the femoral quadriceps?

A

If sore may have hard time crossing over in hind end
Good muscle to stretch before going to the farrier
Tightness can mimic a stifle injury or Vice versa

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16
Q

Where does the longest dorsal muscle originate?

A

Sacrum

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17
Q

Where does the longest dorsal muscle insert?

A

C4

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18
Q

What are some actions of the longest dorsal muscle?

A

When both sides are contracting the Longissimus Dorsi will extend and support the spine
When one side is active it will bend the body sideways

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19
Q

What are some troubles associated with the longest dorsal muscle?

A

Bad fitting saddles
May have Billie back and compensate from another part of the body if sore
Overly collected riding or longing can cause horse to shorten if fatigued
Damage to vertebrate May eventually cause kissing spine

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20
Q

What are the 4 abdominal muscles?

A

Rectus abdominis
internal abdominal oblique
External abdominal oblique
Transverse abdominal muscle

21
Q

What are some actions of the abdominal muscles?

A

On the sides of the horse they compress the abdomen and help with expiration, birthing, and defication

22
Q

What are some troubles associated with the abdominal muscles?

A

Tightness on one side will cause the horse to have a hard time bending body
Can be affected by digestive issues
Weak abdominal muscles can cause spinal issues

23
Q

What are the two parts of the rhomboid muscle?

A

Cervical and thoracic

24
Q

Where does the rhomboid cervical originate?

A

Ligament from T2 to T7

25
Q

Where does the rhomboid thoracic originate?

A

Ligament from T2 to T7

26
Q

Where do both rhomboid muscles insert?

A

Scapular cartilage

27
Q

What are some actions of both rhomboid muscles?

A

Draw scapula forward and upward
If leg is planted will raise the neck and head

28
Q

What are some troubles with the rhomboid muscles?

A

Uneven shoulders if tight
Bad fitting saddle
Inappropriate collection
Short stride

29
Q

What muscle does the infraspinate muscle cover?

A

Deltoid

30
Q

Where does the Infraspinate muscle originate?

A

Scapula
Scapular spine
Scapular cartilage

31
Q

What are some actions of the infraspinate?

A

Flex and extend the shoulder
Pull the forelimb outward

32
Q

What are some troubles associated with the infraspinate muscle?

A

Front end imbalances
Crossing front limb difficulty
Commonly shows up in bodywork problems

33
Q

Where does the cervical serratus ventralis originate?

A

C4-C7

34
Q

Where does the cervical serratus ventralis insert?

A

Scapular cartilage

35
Q

Where does the thoracic serratus ventralis originate?

A

First 8-9 ribs

36
Q

Where does the thoracic serratus ventralis muscle insert?

A

Scapular cartilage

37
Q

What are the actions of both serratus ventralis muscles ?

A

Support the trunk weight like a sling

38
Q

What are some actions of the cervical serratus ventralis?

A

Pulls upper scapula forward and upward
Will raise base of neck when leg is planted

39
Q

What are some actions of the thoracic serratus ventralis?

A

Pills scapula down and back
When leg is planted supports the trunk

40
Q

What are some troubles associated with the cervical serratus ventralis?

A

Fatigued by over use
Bad fitting saddles
Asymmetrical shoulders

41
Q

What are some trouble’s associated with the thoracic serratus ventralis?

A

Sensitive area
Saddle may slip to one side or the other if damaged

42
Q

Is the Nuchal ligament a muscle?

A

No

43
Q

What two parts make up the nuchal ligament?

A

Funicular and Lamellar

44
Q

Where does the funicular part start and end?

A

Starts at the occipital and ends at the withers

45
Q

What shape does the lamellar portion resemble?

A

A fan

46
Q

Where does the lamellar portion originate?

A

Funicular cord

47
Q

Where does the lamellar portion insert?

A

At the top of each cervical vertebrae

48
Q

What are some actions of the Nuchal Ligament?

A

Gives form to the horses neck
It helps hold up the neck muscles and head
Raises head and neck

49
Q

What are some troubles associated with the Nuchal ligament?

A

Damaged when head is tied up to stationary object
Can result in loss of head and neck posture
Ligaments heal very SLOWLY

Equine Superficial Muscles (2 decks)

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