Deep Muscles - Module #1

Question 1

Where does the semimembranosis muscle originate?

Answer 1

Under the 1st 2 caudal tail vertebrae
Medial ishial tuberosity
Sacrosiatic ligament

Question 2

Where does the semimembranosis muscle insert?

Answer 2

Below the stifle on the inside of the femur

Question 3

What are some actions of the semimembranosis muscle?

Answer 3

Draw the hindlimb medially and will retract the hind leg

Question 4

What are some troubles associated with the semimembranosis muscle?

Answer 4

If tight May keep hind leg drawn inward
May be tight enough to draw ishial tuberosity inward and create a crooked pelvis
May have issues stepping outward with hind leg

Question 5

How deep can the middle gluteal be?

Answer 5

10-12 inches

Question 6

Where does the middle gluteal originate?

Answer 6

Ilium
Gluteal fascia
And sacroiliac ligament

Question 7

Where does the middle gluteal insert?

Answer 7

At the outside of the hip joint at the femur

Question 8

What are some actions of the middle gluteal?

Answer 8

Pushing the horse forward
Extension of the hip
Pull hindlimb outward

Question 9

What are some troubles associated with the middle gluteal?

Answer 9

Can be tender
Tenderness can be related to the SI joint
If one muscle is tighter the pelvis may look crooked

Question 10

What 4 muscles make up the femoral quadriceps?

Answer 10

Vastus medialis
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Intermedius
Rectus Femoris

Question 11

Where does the top muscle (rectus femoris) originate?

Answer 11

At the ilium

Question 12

Where do the other three femoral quadriceps originate?

Answer 12

At the femur

Question 13

Where do all 4 quadriceps muscles insert?

Answer 13

At the patella

Question 14

What are some actions of the quadriceps muscles?

Answer 14

Extend the stifle

Question 15

What are some troubles associated with the femoral quadriceps?

Answer 15

If sore may have hard time crossing over in hind end
Good muscle to stretch before going to the farrier
Tightness can mimic a stifle injury or Vice versa

Question 16

Where does the longest dorsal muscle originate?

Answer 16

Sacrum

Question 17

Where does the longest dorsal muscle insert?

Answer 17

C4

Question 18

What are some actions of the longest dorsal muscle?

Answer 18

When both sides are contracting the Longissimus Dorsi will extend and support the spine
When one side is active it will bend the body sideways

Question 19

What are some troubles associated with the longest dorsal muscle?

Answer 19

Bad fitting saddles
May have Billie back and compensate from another part of the body if sore
Overly collected riding or longing can cause horse to shorten if fatigued
Damage to vertebrate May eventually cause kissing spine

Question 20

What are the 4 abdominal muscles?

Answer 20

Rectus abdominis
internal abdominal oblique
External abdominal oblique
Transverse abdominal muscle

Question 21

What are some actions of the abdominal muscles?

Answer 21

On the sides of the horse they compress the abdomen and help with expiration, birthing, and defication

Question 22

What are some troubles associated with the abdominal muscles?

Answer 22

Tightness on one side will cause the horse to have a hard time bending body
Can be affected by digestive issues
Weak abdominal muscles can cause spinal issues

Question 23

What are the two parts of the rhomboid muscle?

Answer 23

Cervical and thoracic

Question 24

Where does the rhomboid cervical originate?

Answer 24

Ligament from T2 to T7

Question 25

Where does the rhomboid thoracic originate?

Answer 25

Ligament from T2 to T7

Question 26

Where do both rhomboid muscles insert?

Answer 26

Scapular cartilage

Question 27

What are some actions of both rhomboid muscles?

Answer 27

Draw scapula forward and upward If leg is planted will raise the neck and head

Question 28

What are some troubles with the rhomboid muscles?

Answer 28

Uneven shoulders if tight Bad fitting saddle Inappropriate collection Short stride

Question 29

What muscle does the infraspinate muscle cover?

Answer 29

Deltoid

Question 30

Where does the Infraspinate muscle originate?

Answer 30

Scapula Scapular spine Scapular cartilage

Question 31

What are some actions of the infraspinate?

Answer 31

Flex and extend the shoulder Pull the forelimb outward

Question 32

What are some troubles associated with the infraspinate muscle?

Answer 32

Front end imbalances Crossing front limb difficulty Commonly shows up in bodywork problems

Question 33

Where does the cervical serratus ventralis originate?

Answer 33

C4-C7

Question 34

Where does the cervical serratus ventralis insert?

Answer 34

Scapular cartilage

Question 35

Where does the thoracic serratus ventralis originate?

Answer 35

First 8-9 ribs

Question 36

Where does the thoracic serratus ventralis muscle insert?

Answer 36

Scapular cartilage

Question 37

What are the actions of both serratus ventralis muscles ?

Answer 37

Support the trunk weight like a sling

Question 38

What are some actions of the cervical serratus ventralis?

Answer 38

Pulls upper scapula forward and upward Will raise base of neck when leg is planted

Question 39

What are some actions of the thoracic serratus ventralis?

Answer 39

Pills scapula down and back When leg is planted supports the trunk

Question 40

What are some troubles associated with the cervical serratus ventralis?

Answer 40

Fatigued by over use Bad fitting saddles Asymmetrical shoulders

Question 41

What are some trouble’s associated with the thoracic serratus ventralis?

Answer 41

Sensitive area Saddle may slip to one side or the other if damaged

Question 42

Is the Nuchal ligament a muscle?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

What two parts make up the nuchal ligament?

Answer 43

Funicular and Lamellar

Question 44

Where does the funicular part start and end?

Answer 44

Starts at the occipital and ends at the withers

Question 45

What shape does the lamellar portion resemble?

Answer 45

A fan

Question 46

Where does the lamellar portion originate?

Answer 46

Funicular cord

Question 47

Where does the lamellar portion insert?

Answer 47

At the top of each cervical vertebrae

Question 48

What are some actions of the Nuchal Ligament?

Answer 48

Gives form to the horses neck It helps hold up the neck muscles and head Raises head and neck

Question 49

What are some troubles associated with the Nuchal ligament?

Answer 49

Damaged when head is tied up to stationary object Can result in loss of head and neck posture Ligaments heal very SLOWLY