Deep Fungal Infections Flashcards
What temperature does yeast exist at? Mold?
37 degrees C, 25 degrees C
Name the subcutateous mycoses? How are the inoculated?
Basidiobolomycosis Sporotrichosis Mycetoma Chromoblastomycosis Phaeohyphomycosis Lobomycosis Inoculated by break/stab in skin
Name the three forms of sporotrichosis?
Lymphocutaneous (naive), fixed cutaenous (prior exposure), disseminated/pulmonary (immunocompromised)
What findings would you have in sporotrichosis on biopsy?
asteroid bodies (also seen in sarcoid), “cigar bodies” on PAS stain
Name the effect when increasing doses of exogenous iodide inhibit thyroid hormone production leading to hypothyroidism?
Wolff-Chaikoff effect
What is the sporotrichoid lesion ddx?
SLANT Sporotrichosis, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. boydii Leishmaniasis Atypical mycobacteria (m. marinum) Nocardiosis Tularemia, Toxoplasmosis, Tuberculosis
What is the mycetoma triad?
Tumefaction
Sinus tracts
Granules
What is the important histologic finding in chromoblastomycosis?
Pigmented fungal sclerotic bodies (Medlar bodies “copper pennies”),
What causes Lobomycosis (Keloidal Blastomycosis)?
Locazia Loboi-can be from dolphin
What do you seen on histology in lobomycosis?
Chains of spheres connected by narrow tubes (child’s pop beads
What causes rhinosporidiosis?
Rhinosporidium seeberi
Name the systemic mycoses?
Coccidioidomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
Paracoccidiodomycosis
What is the most virulent fungal pathogen?
Coccidioides immitus
What is the histopath finding in coccidioidomycosis?
Septate hyphae with 90° branching and thick-walled barrel shaped rectangular arthroconidia alternating with empty cells
What is another name for histoplasmosis?
Darling’s disease
What is the DDX for parasitized macrophages?
HIS - Histoplasmosis PEN - Penicilliosis G – Granuloma Inguinale R – Rhinoscleroma (Wat!) L - Leishmaniasis
What is the histopath for South American Blastomycosis (Paracoccidioidomycosis)?
Large thick–walled round cell 10-60μm with thin delicate wall and single to multiple surrounding buds with thin points of attachment {“mariner’s (captain’s) wheel” appearance}
What is the most common cause of primary cutaneous apergillosis?
Aspergillus Flavus
What is the differential for molluscum-like lesions?
“CCHIP” Cryptococcosis Coccidioidiomycosis Histoplasmosis Penicillium
What is the most common cause of disseminated candidiasis in a patient with leukemia?
C. tropicalis
What is the most common cause of eumycotic mycetoma in the US and what color are the grains?
Pseudallecheria boydii (white to yellow grains)
What is the most common cause of chromoblastomycosis?
Fonsecaea pedrosi Others Fun with PCR all dematiaceous fungi F. Compacta F. Monophora Phialophora Verrucosa Cladophialophora carrionii Rhinocladiella aquaspera
What dermatologic sign can you see in coccidiodomycosis that is portends a favorable prognosis?
Erythema nodosum
