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Anatomy II Exam 3 > Deep Face > Flashcards

Deep Face Flashcards

1
Q

What does the temporal fossa contain? Where is it?

A
  • contains the temporal and infra temporal fossa
  • temporal fossa is the space found superior to the zygomatic arch
  • infratemporal fossa is the space found inferior to the zygomatic arch
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2
Q

What are the bones of the temporal fossa?

A
  • squamous part of temporal bone
  • greater wing of sphenoid
  • frontal bone
  • zygomatic arch and bone
  • infratemporal and anterior surface of maxilla
  • mandible
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3
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

-ramus of mandible

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4
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

-maxilla

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5
Q

What is the medial boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

-lateral pterygoid plate

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6
Q

What is the roof of the infratemporal fossa?

A

-sphenoid

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7
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

-tympanic plate and mastoid and styloid processes

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8
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

-angle of mandible

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9
Q

What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A
  • inferior portion of temporalis m
  • lateral and medial pterygoids
  • maxillary a
  • pterygoid venous plexus
  • inferior alveolar n (V3)
  • lingual n (V3)
  • buccal n (V3)
  • chorda tympani (CN VII)
  • otic ganglion
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10
Q

What innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

-trigeminal nerve, mandibular division (V3)

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11
Q

What do the muscles of mastication do?

A

-move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint

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12
Q

What are the four paired muscles of mastication?

A
  • temporalis
  • massester
  • lateral pterygoid
  • medial pterygoid
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13
Q

What muscles function of close the jaw?

A
  • temporalis

- masseter

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14
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid?

A

-elevates and protracts the mandible

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15
Q

What opens the mandible?

A
  • gravity
  • anterior digastric
  • lateral pterygoid (inferior part)
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16
Q

Muscles of elevation

A
  • temporalis
  • masseter
  • medial pterygoid
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17
Q

Depression of temporomandibular joint

A
  • lateral pterygoids
  • suprahyoid
  • infrahyoid
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18
Q

What muscles protrude the temporomandibular joint?

A
  • lateral pterygoids
  • masseter
  • medial pterygoids
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19
Q

Muscles of retrusion

A
  • temporalis

- masseter

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20
Q

Muscles of lateral movements

A
  • ipsilateral temporalis
  • contralateral pterygoids
  • masseter
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21
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

-curl, squeeze, and fold the tongue during chewing and speaking

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22
Q

What is the origin of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

-originate on other head and neck structures and insert on tongue

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23
Q

What are the functions of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • used in various combos to accomplish the precise, complex, and delicate tongue movements required for proper speech
  • manipulate food within in mouth in preparation for swallowing
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24
Q

What are the extrinsic tongue muscles?

A
  • palatoglossus
  • styloglossus
  • hyoglossus
  • genioglossus
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25
Q

Where does the genioglossus originate and what is its function?

A
  • originate on mandible

- protracts tongue

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26
Q

Origin and function of styloglossus

A
  • originate on styloid processes of temporal bone

- elevate and retract the tongue (pulls tongue back into mouth)

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27
Q

Origin and function of hyoglossus

A
  • originate at hyoid bone and insert on sides of tongue

- depress and retract the tongue

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28
Q

Origin and function of palatoglossus

A
  • originate on soft palate

- elevate posterior portion of tongue

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29
Q

What is another name for the throat?

A

=pharynx

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30
Q

What are the primary pharynx muscles? What do they do?

A
  • pharyngeal constrictors (superior, middle, inferior)
  • initiates swallowing and force the bolus inferiorly into the esophagus
  • help elevate or tense the palate when swallowing
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31
Q

According the Stern’s rule, the root tensor means the muscle is innervated by what?

A

-CN V -> trigeminal

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32
Q

According the Stern’s rule, the prefix “palat-“ means the muscle is innervated by what?

A

-CN X -> vagus

33
Q

According to Stern’s rule, the suffix “-glossus” means the muscle is innervated by what?

A

-CN XII -> hypoglossal

34
Q

What kind of joint is a tooth?

A

-gomphosis

35
Q

What is the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

-small pyramid shaped space that is found inferior to the apex of the orbit

36
Q

What are the openings in the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Superior: opens into inferior orbital fissure

Inferior: closed except for palatine foramen

37
Q

Anterior border of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Maxillary tuberosity

38
Q

Posterior border of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Pterygoid process of sphenoid

39
Q

Medial border of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Perpendicular plate of palatine bone

40
Q

Lateral border of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Opens into infratemporal fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure

41
Q

Roof of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Incomplete -> greater wing of sphenoid

42
Q

Floor of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Pyramidal process of palatine bone

43
Q

What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A
  • maxillary nerve (V2)
  • pterygopalatine ganglion
  • 3rd part of maxillary artery
44
Q

What does the maxillary nerve split into?

A
  • zygomatic nerve

- pterygopalatine nerves

45
Q

What does the zygomatic nerve split into?

A
  • zygomaticofacial nerve

- zygomaticotemporal nerve -> has communicating branch conveying parasympathetic fibers to lacrimal nerve

46
Q

Outline the parasympathetics in the pterygopalatine fossa.

A
  • parasympathetic fibers to pterygopalatine ganglion are from facial nerve via the greater petrosal nerve
  • greater petrosal n + deep petrosal n forms nerve of pterygoid canal
  • parasympathetic fibers from the great petrosal n supply the pterygopalatine ganglion
47
Q

Outline the sympathetics of the pterygopalatine fossa.

A
  • deep petrosal n arises from internal carotid plexus and conveys post synaptic fibers which join branches of the maxillary n via the pterygopalatine ganglion -> do not synapse there
  • presynaptic parasympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
48
Q

What constitutes the bony part of the nose?

A
  • nasal bones
  • frontal process of maxilla
  • nasal part of frontal bone and nasal spine
  • bony part of nasal septum
49
Q

What constitutes the cartilaginous part of the nose?

A
  • 2 lateral cartilages
  • 2 alar cartilages
  • septal cartilage
50
Q

Except for the vestibule, all of the nose is lined with __________.

A

Nasal mucosa

51
Q

How is the nasal mucosa attached to the periosteum?

A

-firmly connect to the periosteum of the bony parts of the nasal cavity and the perichondrium of the cartilaginous nasal components

52
Q

The areas lined with nasal mucosa constitute the ___________ and _____________.

A
  • respiratory area (inferior 2/3)

- olfactory area (superior 1/3)

53
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity?

A

Roof: frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone

Floor: palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bone

Medial wall: nasal septum

Lateral wall: superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae

54
Q

The nasal conchae divide the nasal cavity into 4 passages. What are these four passages and what are the openings in these?

A
  1. Spheno-ethmoidal recess (opening of sphenoid sinus)
  2. Superior nasal meatus (openings of ethmoid all sinuses)
  3. Middle nasal meatus (opening of frontal and maxillary[posterior] sinus)
  4. Inferior nasal meatus (opening of nasolacrimal duct)
55
Q

What supplies most of the lateral and medial wall blood of the nasal cavity?

A

-maxillary artery
+sphenopalatine a
+anterior and posterior ethmoidal a
+greater palatine a

-facial artery
+superior labial a
+lateral nasal branches

56
Q

What is the venous drainage of the nose?

A

-drains to sphenopalatine, facial, and opthalmic veins

57
Q

What is the Kiesselbach area?

A
  • where all 5 arteries come together in a capillary bed

- can bleed profusely

58
Q

What innervates the nasal cavity?

A
  • posterior 2/3 via V2 -> nasopalatine n (nasal septum) and greater palatine n (lateral wall)
  • anteriosuperior nasal mucosa of septum and lateral wall is V1 via the anterior ethmoidal nerves
59
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A
  • air filled extensions of the respiratory portion of the nasal cavity
  • found in frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary bones
  • lined with nasal mucosa

Drain into the nasal cavity via openings in the spheno-ethmoidal recess, and superior, middle, and inferior meatuses

60
Q

Describe the maxillary sinus.

A
  • largest

- drains via the maxillary ostium into middle meatus

61
Q

Describe the ethmoid sinus.

A
  • ethmoid air cells located between orbits
  • anterior and middle ethmoidal cells drain into middle meatus
  • posterior cells drain into superior meatus
62
Q

describe the sphenoid sinus.

A
  • unevenly divided by bony part of nasal septum

- drains via spheno-ethmoidal recess

63
Q

Describe the frontal sinus.

A
  • between outer and inner tables of frontal bone, posterior to super ciliary arches
  • drains via frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus
64
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

V1 -> opthalmic

V2 -> maxillary

V3 -> mandibular

65
Q

What are the 3 general parts of ear?

A
  • external
  • middle
  • internal
66
Q

What portions of the ear transfer sound to the inner ear?

A

-external and middle ear

67
Q

What does the external ear do?

A

-captures and funnels acoustic signals through the tympanic membrane

68
Q

What does the middle ear do?

A

-contains the ear ossicles that transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear where hearing and equilibrium are found

69
Q

Where is the middle ear found?

A

-petrous part of the temporal bone

70
Q

What connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx

A
  • pharyngotympanic tube/Eustachian tube

- lined with mucus membrane

71
Q

What are the contents of the middle ear?

A
  • auditory ossicles
  • stapedius and tensor tympani muscles
  • chorda tympani n (taste to ant 2/3 tongue from CN VII)
  • tympanic plexus of nerves
72
Q

What are the boundaries of the middle ear?

A

Roof: tegmental wall

Floor: jugular wall

Lateral: membranous wall/tympanic membrane

Medial: labyrinthine wall

Anterior: carotid wall

Posterior: mastoid wall

73
Q

Characteristics of auditory ossicles.

A
  • span between tympanic membrane to oval window
  • covered with mucus membrane, but no periosteum
  • stapedius -> stapes
  • tensor tympani -> malleus
74
Q

Where is the internal ear?

A
  • contains vestibulocochlear organ (hearing and equilibrium)
  • buried deep within petrous part of temporal bone within otic capsule (hardest part of the bone)
  • receives vestibulocochlear n (CN VIII) via internal acoustic meatus
75
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

-she’ll shaped part of bony labyrinth containing cochlear duct, concerned with hearing

76
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

-small oval chamber containing utricle, saccule, vestibular labyrinth for balance

77
Q

What are the semicircular canal?

A
  • communicated with vestibule

- also for balance

78
Q

What is the internal acoustic meatus?

A

-a narrow canal within the petrous part of the temporal bone that transmits the facial n, vestibulocochlear n, and blood vessels through the internal ear

79
Q

What artery supplies the internal ear? What supplies that?

A

-labyrinthine a artery comes from anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Anatomy II Exam 3 (4 decks)

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