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Back Muscles - Anatomy > Deep Back Muscles > Flashcards

Deep Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Which group of back muscles are the deep back muscles in?

Intrinsic or Extrinsic

A

Intrinsic

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2
Q

How many groups of deep back muscles are there?

A

3

superficial, intermediate and deep

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3
Q

How many muscles are in the SUPERFICIAL group of deep back muscles?

A

2

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4
Q

Which muscles are in the SUPERFICIAL group of deep back muscles?

(2)

A

Splenius capitis

Splenius cervicis

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5
Q

How many muscles are in the INTERMEDIATE group of deep back muscles?

A

3

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6
Q

Which muscles are in the INTERMEDIATE group of deep back muscles?

(3)

A

Iliocostalis (lumborum, thoracis, cervicis)

Longissimus (thoracis, cervicis, capitis)

Spinalis (thoracis, cervicis, capitis)

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7
Q

How many muscles are in the DEEP group of deep back muscles?

A

6

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8
Q

Which muscles are in the DEEP group of deep back muscles?

6

A

Semispinalis (thoacis, cervicis, capitis)

Multifidus

Rotatores

Interspinales

Interansversarii

Levatores costarum

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9
Q

Which muscles are DEEPEST in the DEEP group of deep back muscles?

(3)

A

Interspinales

Interansversarii

Levatores costarum

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10
Q

What does the term capitis refer to?

A

Head

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11
Q

What does the term cervicis refer to?

A

Cervical spine

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12
Q

What does the term thoracis refer to?

A

Thoracic spine

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13
Q

What does the term lumborum refer to?

A

Lumbar spine

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14
Q

What is the ORIGIN of splenius CAPITIS?

2

A

Spinous processes of C7 - T4

Nuchal ligament

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15
Q

What is the INSERTION of splenius CAPITIS?

2

A

Mastoid process

Lateral part of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

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16
Q

What is the fibre orientation of splenius CAPITIS?

A

Splay SUPEROLATERLLY from the midline of the spine

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17
Q

What is the FUNCTION of splenius CAPITIS?

3

A

Unilaterally = Ipsilateral rotation of the head

Bilaterally = Extension of the head and cervical spine

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18
Q

What is the sensorimotor INNERVATION of splenius CAPITIS?

A

Dorsal rami of C3 and C4

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19
Q

What is the ARTERIAL supply of splenius CAPITIS?

A

Muscular branches of the aorta

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20
Q

What is the ORIGIN of splenius CERVICIS?

1

A

Spinous processes of T3 - T6 vertebra

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21
Q

What is the INSERTION of splenius CERVICIS?

1

A

Transverse processes of C1 - C4

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22
Q

What is the fibre orientation of splenius CERVICIS?

A

Travel SUPEROLATERALLY from the midline of the spine.

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23
Q

What is the FUNCTION of splenius CERVICIS?

2

A

Unilaterally = ipsilaterally rotate the cervical spine

Bilaterally = Extension of the cervical spine

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24
Q

What is the sensorimotor INNERVATION of splenius CERVICIS?

A

Dorsal rami of C5 - C8

common variants include C4 - T6

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25
Q

What is the ARTERIAL supply of splenius CERVICIS?

2

A

Occipital arteries

or

Transverse cervical arteries

(occasionally supplied by both)

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26
Q

What is the most LATERAL muscle of the INTERMEDIATE group of deep back muscles?

A

Iliocostalis

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27
Q

Which other name is given to the INTERMEDIATE group of deep back muscles?

A

Erector spinae group

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28
Q

What is the ORIGIN of iliocostalis CERVICIS?

1

A

Posterior aspect of ribs 3 - 6

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29
Q

What is the INSERTION of iliocostalis CERVICIS?

1

A

Transverse processes of C4 - C6

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30
Q

What is the ORIGIN of iliocostalis THORACIS?

1

A

Posterosuperior borders of the angle of ribs 1 - 6

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31
Q

What is the INSERTION of iliocostalis THORACIS?

A

Posterosuperior border of ribs 6 - 12

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32
Q

What is the ORIGIN of iliocostalis LUMBORUM?

3

A

Deep thoracolumbar fascia

Iliac crest

Sacrum

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33
Q

What is the INSERTION of iliocostalis LUMBORUM?

A

PosterioINFERIOR aspect of ribs 6 - 12

34
Q

Overall, where does iliocostalis span from and to?

A

FROM: Ilium

TO: Superior ribs and cervical vertebra

35
Q

What is the sensorimotor INNERVATION of iliocostalis?

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves C4 - L5

innervation is derived segmentally

36
Q

What is the ARTERIAL supply of iliocostalis?

2

A

Intercostal arteries

Lumbar arteries

37
Q

What is the ORIGIN of longissimus CAPITIS?

1

A

Transverse processes of T1 - T5

38
Q

What is the INSERTION of longissimus CAPITIS?

A

Posterior margin of the mastoid process

39
Q

What is the ORIGIN of longissimus CERVICIS?

A

Transverse processes of T1 - T5

40
Q

What is the INSERTION of longissimus CERVICIS?

A

Transverse processes of C2 - C6

41
Q

What is the ORIGIN of longissimus thoracis?

A

Transverse processes of L1 - L5

42
Q

What is the INSERTION of longissimus thoracis?

A

Transverse processes of T1 - T12

43
Q

Overall, where does longissimus span from and to?

A

FROM: Thoracolumbar fascia on the midline of the lumbar vertebra

TO: Transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae

44
Q

What is the fibre orientation of longissimus?

A

LONGITUDINAL

This is a long thick muscles that travels along the length of the vertebral column

45
Q

What is the FUNCTION of longissimus?

2

A

Unilaterally = Assists other erector spinae muscles in ipsilateral lateral flexion

Bilaterally = Assists in extension of the spine

46
Q

What is the INNERVATION of longissimus?

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves along the length of the spine

47
Q

What is the ARTERIAL supply of longissimus?

2

A

Lateral sacral artery

(Segmentally) Perforating branches of the posterior intercostal arteries

48
Q

What is the most MEDIAL muscle of the erector spinae muscle group?

49
Q

What is the ORIGIN of spinalis CAPITIS?

A

Spinous processes of C1, C3 and C4

50
Q

What is the INSERTION of spinalis CAPITIS?

2

A

Inferior nuchal line

Nuchal ligament

51
Q

What is the ORIGIN of spinalis CERVICIS?

A

Spinous processes of C4 - C7

52
Q

What is the INSERTION of spinalis CERVICIS?

A

Spinous processes of C3 - C5

53
Q

What is the ORIGIN of spinalis THORACIS?

A

Spinous processes of T7 - L1

54
Q

What is the INSERTION of spinalis THORACIS?

A

Spinous processes of T1 - T6

55
Q

What is the FUNCTION of spinalis muscles?

2

A

Unilaterally = Assist the erector spinae group in ipsilateral lateral flexion

Bilaterally = Assist in the extension of the spine

56
Q

What is the INNERVATION of spinalis?

A

(Segmentally)

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves along the length of the spine

57
Q

What is the ARTERIAL SUPPLY of spinalis?

A

Lateral sacral artery

(Segmentally) Posterior intercostal arteries

58
Q

On which vertebral bone feature do semispinalis muscles originate on?

A

Transverse process(es)

59
Q

How do semispinalis and splenius muscles differ in their course?

A

The semispinalis muscles originate on the transverse processes, and course medially to attach closer to the midline of the spine.

This is in contrast to the splenius muscles, which begin on the midline of the spine and course laterally.

60
Q

What is the ORIGIN of semispinalis CAPITIS?

A

Transverse processes of C7 - T6

61
Q

What is the INSERTION of semispinalis CAPITIS?

A

Between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the skull

62
Q

What is the ORIGIN of semispinalis CERVICIS?

A

Transverse processes of T6 - T12

63
Q

What is the INSERTION of semispinalis CERVICIS?

A

Spinous processes of C1 - C5

64
Q

What is the fibre orientation of semispinalis?

A

Superomedially from the transverse processes

It is a long thin muscle

65
Q

What is the FUNCTION of semispinalis?

3

A

Unilaterally = Ipsilateral flexion and Rotation

Bilaterally = Assists in extension of the spine

66
Q

What is the INNERVATION of semispinalis?

A

Greater occipital nerve

67
Q

What is the ARTERIAL supply of semispinalis?

A

There is no specific artery, but they derive supply largely from the OCCIPITAL artery

68
Q

What is the ORIGIN of multifidus?

3

A

Sacrum

Iliac crest

Erector Spinae aponeurosis

69
Q

What is the INSERTION of multifidus?

A

Spinous processes of each vertebra

70
Q

What is the fibre orientation of multifidus?

A

Short, thick fibres which traverse each intervertebral space

71
Q

What is the FUNCTION of multifidus?

A

Primarily: PROPRIOCEPTION for the vertebral column

Very weak rotation

Very weak Extension

Very weak Lateral flexion

72
Q

What is the sensorimotor INNERVATION of multifidus?

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves along the vertebral column

73
Q

What is the ARTERIAL supply of multifidus?

A

Varies regionally

74
Q

What is the ORIGIN of rotatores?

A

Transverse processes of all vertebrae

75
Q

What is the INSERTION of rotatores?

A

Spinous processes of the superiorly located vertebra

It usually spans 1 (rotatores brevis) or 2 (rotatores longus

76
Q

What is the fibre orientation of rotatores?

A

Narrow, strap like muscles

77
Q

What is the FUNCTION of rotatores?

A

Rotate the spine

Proprioception for vertebral column

78
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the rotatores muscle?

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves in each region of the spine

79
Q

What is the ARTERIAL supply of rotatores?

A

Varies regionally

80
Q

What is the function of the DEEPEST muscles in the deep group of back muscles i.e. interspinales, intertransversarii and levatores costarum ?

A

Maintain upright posture (as in continuous biofeedback with antigravity muscles)

Proprioception

Minimal agonist action

Back Muscles - Anatomy (3 decks)

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