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אנטומיה של הגב > deep back muscle > Flashcards

deep back muscle Flashcards

1
Q

back muscle layers

A

מעל הספלניום יש את הסרטוס פוסטריור

  • *Superficial layer**: splenius (splenius capitis, splenius cervicis)
  • *Intermediate layer**: erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
  • *Deep layer**: transversospinales (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores)
  • *Deepest layer**: segmental muscles (levatores costarum, interspinales and intertransversarii)
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2
Q

Serratus posterior superior

A
  • Origin: Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T3
  • Insertion: ribs 2-5. חלק אחורי
  • Innervation: 2nd-5th Intercostal nerves
  • Function: Elevates ribs
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3
Q

serratus posterior inferior

A
  • Origin: Spinous processes of vertebrae T11-L2
  • Insertion: Inferior borders of ribs 9-12
  • Innervation: Anterior rami of spinal nerves T9-T12 (a.k.a. 9th-11th Intercostal nerves + subcostal nerve)
  • Function: Depresses ribs/ Draws ribs inferoposteriorly
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4
Q

superficial layer:

A

Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis

נמצא בשרירי הצוואר האחוריים

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5
Q

Intermediate layer

A

Erector spinae muscle:

from lateral to medial

  • liocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)
  • Longissimus (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
  • Spinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
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6
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum

A
  • Origin:
    • Lateral crest of sacrum
    • Medial end of iliac crest
    • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • Insertion: שש צלעות תחתונות- בזוויות
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7
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis

A
  • Origin: שש צלעות תחתונות
  • Insertion:שש צלעות עליונות+
    TP of C7
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8
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis

A
  • Origin: זוויות צלעות 3-6
  • Inserition: TP of C4-C6
  • INN-posterior rami of cervical nerve
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9
Q

Iliocostalis

A

קבוצה המשתייכת לזוקפי הגב

בתוך קבוצת זוקפי הגב, היא בחלק השני מתחת לשרירי הספליוס

  • INN-lateral branches of the posterior rami of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves.
  • function-
    • unilaterally ipsilateral lateral flexion of the spine
    • ilateral contraction extend the spine
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10
Q

Longissimus capitis

A
  • Origin: Transverse processes of vertebrae C4-T5
  • Inserition: Mastoid process of temporal bone
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11
Q

Longissimus thoracis

A
  • *Origin**:
  • Lumbar part - Lumbar intermuscular aponeurosis, medial part of sacropelvic surface of ilium, posterior sacroiliac ligament
  • Thoracic part - Spinous and transverse processes of vertebrae L1-L5, median sacral crest, posterior surface of sacrum and posterior iliac crest
  • *Insertion**:
  • Lumbar part - Accessory and transverse processes of vertebrae L1-L5
  • Thoracic part - Transverse process of vertebrae T1-T12, Angles of ribs 7-12
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12
Q

Longissimus cervicis

A
  • Origin: Transverse processes of vertebrae T1-T5
  • Insertion: Transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C6
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13
Q

Longissimus 

A

חלק מקבוצת זוקפי הגב

בתוך זוקפי הגב הוא בשכבה השנייה

  • INN- branches of the posterior rami of the corresponding regional spinal nerves
  • FUNCTION-
    bilateral contraction- powerful extensor of the lumbar, thoracic and cervical spine, as well as an extensor of the head and neck.
  • Unilateral contraction- ipsilateral lateral flexion of the spine.
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14
Q

Spinalis capitis

A
  • *Origin**: Spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1
  • *Inserition**: Occipital bone (midline)
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15
Q

Spinalis thoracis

A
  • *Origin**: Spinous process of vertebrae T11-L2
  • *Insertion**: Spinous process of vertebrae T2-T8
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16
Q

Spinalis cervicis

A
  • *Origin**: Spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1, nuchal ligament
  • *Insertion**: Spinous process of vertebrae C2-C4
17
Q

Spinalis

A
  • חלק מקבוצת זוקפי הגב
  • נמצא בשכבה השנייה
  • הכי קטן מבין שרירי השכבה השנייה והכי אמצעי

INN- Lateral branches of the posterior/dorsal rami of adjacent spinal nerves

FUNCTION-
bilateral contraction- extension of the vertebral column

unilaterally ipsy lateral flexion

18
Q

deep layer

A

מסודרים לפי עומק-

Semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
Multifidus (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)
Rotatores (breves, longi)

19
Q

Semispinalis

A

מחולק לשלושה:
thoracic, cervicis, capitis

Origin: arises from transverse processes of C4–T12 vertebrae
Insertion: fibers run superomedially to
occipital bone (Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone) and spinous processes in thoracic and cervical regions, spanning
4–6 segments

20
Q

Semispinalis

A

innervated-
greater occipital nerve (posterior ramus of C2 spinal nerve) and spinal nerve C3

medial branches of posterior rami of spinal nerves.

function-
Bilateral contraction- extending the neck and thoracic spine

Unilateral contraction-
ipsilateral flexion of the neck and thoracic spine
contralateral rotation of the head.

21
Q

Multifidus

A
  • hey are the thickest muscles in the transversospinal group, and are shorter than semispinalis, but longer than rotatores. Multifidus is found on either side of vertebral column, extending from the cervical all the way to the lumbar spine. The group is regionally divided into cervical multifidus, thoracic multifidus and lumbar multifidus.
  • Multifidus cervicis- superior articular processes of vertebrae C4-C7.
  • Multifidus thoracis transverse process of thoracic vertebra.
  • Multifidus lumborum mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, posterior aspect of sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) of ilium and posterior sacroiliac ligament.

כל השרירים מהקבוצה הזאת מתחברים לקצה של הזיז הקוצי 2-5 חוליות מעליהם

nerve supply- medial branches of posterior rami of spinal nerves in the corresponding cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions

function-
stabilize the vertebrae during movements of the spine

Bilateral contraction- extension of the vertebral column at all levels

unilateral contraction- ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the vertebral column

22
Q

Rotatores breves- short

A
  • Origin: arise from transverse processes of vertebrae; best developed in thoracic region
  • Inserition: fibers pass superomedially to attach to junction of lamina and transverse process or spinous process of vertebra immediately (brevis) or 2 segments (longus) superior to vertebra of attachment
23
Q

rotatores

A

innervated- medial branches of posterior rami of spinal nerves

function- stabilize the spine.

Bilateral contraction of these muscles extends the vertebral column

unilateral contraction causes rotation of the trunk to the contralateral side.

24
Q

השרירים המשתייכים ל
Sacrospinalis

ועובדות חשובות

A
  • Iliocostalis- לטרלי
  • Longissimus- אמצעי
  • Spinalis- מדיאלי
  • יש להם מנוף ארוך מאוד. לכן
    הם מתאימים יותר לתנועה מאשר ליציבות
  • gloabal muscle
  • כמו כן, שרירים אלה “אדומים” מכיוון שהם עובדים לאורך כל היממה ומחזיקים אותנו שלא
    ניפול קדימה ואם אנחנו מתכופפים עליהם לזקוף את הגב כדי שנוכל להתיישר.
25
Q

Transversospinalis

השרירים המשתייכים לקבוצה זו

ועובדות

A
  • Semispinalis- מגיע עד הראש
  • Multifidus- המייצב בעיקרי של עמוד השדרה, מדיע עד C2
  • Rotatores- מגיע עד C2
  • בעלי מנוף קצר, לכן מקנים יותר יציבות מאשר תנועה
  • Regional Muscles- שרירים אזוריים

לאורך כל
עמוד השדרה יוצאים שרירים מהזיזים הצידיים ונאחזים בזיזים האחוריים של החוליות מעליהם, כמו
כבלים התומכים באנטנה, ומקנים יציבות לעמוד השדרה.

26
Q

שקופית להמחשת העומקים

A
27
Q

levator costarum

A

* proximal attachment: Transverse processes of the C7 – T11
* distal Attachment: Superior border/external surface of rib one level below origin- pass inferolaterally and insert on rib between tubercle and angle
* nerve Supply- Posterior rami of spinal nerves C8 – T11
* main Action:- Elevation of the ribs, Rotation of thoracic spine

28
Q

interspinales

A

* proximal attachment: superior surface of spinous process of cervical and lumbar vertebrea
* distal Attachment: inferior srface of spinous process of vertebrea superior to vertebra of proximal attachment
* nerve Supply- posterior rami of spinal nerve
* main Action:id in extension and rotation of vertebral column

29
Q

Intertransversarii

A

שרירים אלו מחולקים לשני איזורים: יש חלק צווארי וחלק לומברי.

החלק הצווארי מחולק לשני סוגי שרירים:
* anterior cervical Intertransversarii
* lateral posterior cervical Intertransversarii

החלק הלומברי מחולק לשני סוגי שרירים:
* latearl lumborum Intertransversarii
* medial lumbar Intertransversarii

חיבורי השרירים:
* **proximal attachment: **transverse process of cervical and lumbar vertebrea
* distal Attachment: transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae
* nerve Supply: posterior and anterior rami
of spinal nervesa- Most back muscles are innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves, but a few are innervated by anterior rami. Intertransversarii of the cervical region are supplied by anterior rami.
* main Action: Aid in lateral fl exion of vertebral column; acting bilaterally, stabilize vertebral column

אנטומיה של הגב (11 decks)

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