Deep Back/Erector Spinae/Transversospinalis

Question 1

Levator Costorum

Answer 1

PROX. ATTACHMENT
Transverse Processes C7-T11

DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Ribs 1-12

ACTION
Elevate

INNERVATION
Dorsal rami

Question 2

Splenius (Capitis& cervicis)

Answer 2

PROX. ATTACHMENT
Spinous process C7-T6

DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Mastoid process & occiput (capitis);
Transver Proccesses C1-C3(cervicis)

ACTION
Unilateral: ipsilateral rotation
Bilateral: extend

INNERVATION
Dorsal rami

Question 3

Iliocostalis (I) (lateral)

Answer 3

PROX. ATTACHMENT
Common broad tendon on posterior sacrum
& posterior iliac crest (inferior)

DISTAL ATTACHMENT
I: Angle of ribs

ACTION
Unilateral (ILS): lateral flexion
ipsilateral
Bilateral (ILS): Extend

INNERVATION
Dorsal rami

Question 4

Longissimus (L)

Answer 4

PROX. ATTACHMENT
Common broad tendon on posterior sacrum
& posterior iliac crest (inferior)

DISTAL ATTACHMENT
L: Rib tubercles, transverse processes, mastoid process

ACTION
Unilateral (ILS): lateral flexion
ipsilateral
Bilateral (ILS): Extend

INNERVATION
Dorsal rami

Question 5

Spinalis (S) (medial)

Answer 5

PROX. ATTACHMENT
Common broad tendon on posterior sacrum
& posterior iliac crest (inferior)

DISTAL ATTACHMENT
S: Spinous processes T through C-spine

ACTION
Unilateral (ILS): lateral flexion
ipsilateral
Bilateral (ILS): Extend

INNERVATION
Dorsal rami

Question 6

Semispinalis Capitis

Answer 6

PROX. ATTACHMENT
Transverse processes C6-T6

DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Occipital bone

ACTION
Unilateral: rotate to opposite side
Bilateral: extend

INNERVATION
Dorsal rami

Question 7

Semispinalis Cervicis

Answer 7

PROX. ATTACHMENT
Transverse process T1-T6

DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Spinous process C2-C5

ACTION
Unilateral: rotate to opposite side
Bilateral: extend

INNERVATION
Dorsal rami

Question 8

Semispinalis

Answer 8

PROX. ATTACHMENT
Transverse process (span 4-6 segments)

DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Spinous process (span 4-6 segments)

ACTION
Unilateral: rotate to opposite side
Bilateral: extend

INNERVATION
Dorsal rami

Question 9

Multifidus

Answer 9

PROX. ATTACHMENT
Transverse process (span 2-4 segments)

DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Spinous process (span 2-4 segments)

ACTION
Unilateral: lat flexion & rotate to opp side
Bilateral: extend; stabilization
INNERVATION
Dorsal rami

Question 10

Rotatores

Answer 10

PROX. ATTACHMENT
Transverse process (span 1-2 segments)

DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Spinous process (span 1-2 segments)

ACTION
Unilateral: rotate to opp side
Bilateral: stabilize

INNERVATION
Dorsal rami