deductive fallacies

Question 1

affirming the consequence

Answer 1

reverses the cause and effect; assumes the only way y can happen is x; if x leads to y, y, x

Question 2

denying the antecedent

Answer 2

it assumes blocking the first (x) blocks the second (y); assumes the only way y can happen is x; if x leads to y, not x, then not y)

Question 3

undistributed middle

Answer 3

assumes shared characteristics/traits means they are identical; all x are y, all z are y, so all x are z

Question 4

gamblers fallacy

Answer 4

believing that past outcomes affect the odds of future random or independent events

Question 5

composition fallacy

Answer 5

whats true of the part(s) is true of the whole; assigns individual traits to the whole group

Question 6

equivocation fallacy

Answer 6

using the same word with differing sematics/application; shifts the meaning of a word mid-argument to make the logic seem valid

Question 7

amphiboly

Answer 7

configuring an ambiguous grammar or sentence structure; exploits the sentence structure to lead to a misleading conclusion