Decolonisation

Question 1

Definition of colonisation

Answer 1

‘The direct control of a people by a foreign state’

Berntein, Hewitt and Thomas, 1992

Question 2

How is décolonisation a process?

Answer 2

History has progressed from 1833 (end of principle of slavery) to 1960 UN declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries

Question 3

How was decolonisation been affected by the Cold War (liberal perspective)

Answer 3

P - Opportunity to join the global community of nation states co-existing peacefully with the liberal.
E - 1946 - 55 members 1966 - 122 nations
E- This has allowed previously exploited states and individuals to be protected from coercive forces under international law and expand their countries economically

Question 4

How was decolonisation affected by the Cold War? Realist perspective

Answer 4

P - Process has been undermined by a wider battle over power and influence between the USSR and the US.
E - many newly formed nations were led to side with either ideology inhibiting their core right to self- determination. The US had a trade off between realist strategic ambitions and the rights of individual nations.
E - Third world debt increased and defaults of these debts were subject to neoliberal SAP programs further inhibiting development.

Question 5

How much did third word debt increase from 1970 to 1980

Answer 5

69 billion - 494 billion

Question 6

Conclusion on whether the Cold War has undermined decolonisation

Answer 6

Cold War has as countries were not allowed to develop their own values, traditions and practises naturally. Made to join the liberal international order despite being corrupt, politically unstable etc etc.

Question 7

Case study of a country having difficulty in pursuing self - determination because of global economic system

Answer 7

Nkrumah argues the difficulty of new developing nations to develop as a result of the international division of labour.
(Wallenstein world systems theory)
Periphery countries such as Ghana export volatile primary products under free market conditions created by the west.

Question 8

Example of a country being taken over by corrupt locals after decolonisation?

Answer 8

Robert Mugabe - Zimbabwe