Declarative Flashcards
What is a declarative sentence
A declarative sentence makes a statement and ends with a period.
Interrogative
An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark.
Imperative
An imperative sentence gives a command or request and often ends with a period. It may sometimes end with an exclamation point.
Subject
Simple subject
Complete subject
The subject tells whom or what the sentence is about.
The simple subject is the main word or words of the subject.
The complete subject includes the simple subject and the words that modify the subject.
Exclamatory
An exclamatory sentence expressed strong emotions and always ends with an exclamation point.
Predicate
The simple predicate
The complete predicate
The predicate makes a statement about the subject.
The simple predicate is the main word or words of the predicate.
The complete predicate includes the simple predicate and the words that modify the predicate.
Transitive verb
A transitive verb has one or more objects.
An intransitive verb
An intransitive verb doesn’t have an object.
Inverted order
Inverted order occurs when the subject comes after the predicate or between two parts of the predicate.
Direct object
A direct object appears after a transitive and receives the action of the verb. It answers the question what? or whom?
Indirect object
An indirect object appears before a direct object. It answers the question for what? or for whom?
linking verb
A linking verbs describes a state of being rather than action.
predicate noun
a predicate noun follows a linking verb and renames the subject.
predicate adjective
a predicate adjective follows a linking verb and describes the subject.
phrase
a phrase is a group of related words that doesn’t have both a subject and a predicate.
clause
a clause is a group of words that has both a subject and a predicate.
fragment
a fragment is an incomplete sentence wrongly punctuated as if it were a complete sentence.
independent clause
an independent clause can stand alone as a sentence.
dependent clause
a dependent clause cannot stand alone as a sentence but must be part of another sentence.
sentence
a sentence is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate, and expresses a complete thought.
comma splice
a comma splice is two sentences incorrectly joined by only a comma.
fused sentence
a fused sentence is two sentences incorrectly joined without any punctuation.
noun
a noun names a person, thing, place, or idea.
Most nouns can appear in four different forms: singular, singular possessive, plural, plural possessive.
common noun
a common noun name a type of person, place, thing, or idea.
count nouns and non count nouns
count nouns can be made plural.
non count nouns are always singular in form.
proper noun
a proper noun names a specific person, place, thing, or idea. Proper nouns are always capitalized.
collective nouns
collective nouns names a group. when a collective noun is singular in form, it can be either singular or plural in meaning.
compound noun
compound nouns are formed by combining two or more words.
noun of direct address
a noun of direct address names the person to whom you are speaking.
appositive
an appositive is a word or phrase that follows a noun or a pronoun and renames it.
pronoun
pronouns substitutes for a noun.
personal pronouns
personal pronouns show person, number, gender, case.
antecedent
the word a pronoun replaces is called the antecedent.
subjective case pronouns
subjective case pronouns function as subjects and predicate nouns in sentences.
predicate nouns
predicate nouns must always be in the subjective case.
objective case pronoun
objective case pronouns function as object: direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions.
possessive case
possessive case pronouns often show ownership and usually modify nouns.
independent possessives
possessives that function alone as subjects, predicate nouns, and objects are called independent possessives.
archaic
archaic second-person pronouns follow grammatical rules for case.
courtesy order
in compound constructions, always mention yourself last. Always mention your hearer before anyone else.
demonstrative pronouns
demonstrative pronouns, this, that, these, those point out specific persons or things.
self selves
pronouns with self or selves are reflexive or intensive pronouns.
interrogative pronouns
interrogative pronouns, who, whom, whose, which, and what are used to ask questions. They do not have antecedents.
who is a subjective case and whom is an objective case.
reflexive
reflexive pronouns always refer to the same person or thing as the subject and usually function as objects in the sentence.
intensive
intensive pronouns emphasize the nouns and function as appositives.
indefinite pronouns
indefinite pronouns do not make specific references and do not have antecedents.
always singular
some; one, body, thing
any; one, body, thing
every; one, body, thing
no; one, body,
each, one, much, little, less
always plural
many, several, both, few, fewer
singular or plural
some, any, more, most, all, none
relative pronouns
the relative pronouns, who, whom, whose, which, and that relate to dependent clauses to the rest of the sentence. The antecedent of the relative pronoun is a noun in the independent clause.
ambiguous
to achieve clear pronoun reference, do not place more than one possible antecedent near the pronoun.
remote reference
do not place the pronoun too far from its antecedent.
reference to an implied noun
always make the antecedent an actual noun, not an implied noun.
