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Chapter 6 and 7 > Deckers chapter 6 and 7 > Flashcards

Deckers chapter 6 and 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Arousal

A

refers to the mobilization or activation of energy that occurs in preparation or during actual behavior

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2
Q

Physiological Arousal

A

refers to those bodily changes that correspond to our feelings of being energized, such as sweaty palms and increased muscle tension, breathing, and heart rate.

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3
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

responsible for arousing or preparing the body for action.

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4
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

concerned with conserving the body’s energy

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5
Q

Brain arousal

A

The activation of the brain, ranging from deep sleep to wakefulness to alertness.

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6
Q

Psychological Arousal

A

Refers to how subjectively aroused an individual feels.

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7
Q

Energenic Arousal

A

Is a dimension characterized by a range of feelings from tiredness and sleepiness at the low end to alert and awake in the high end.

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8
Q

Tense Arousal`

A

Is a dimension characterized by a range of feelings from calmness and stillness at the low end to tension and anxiety at the high end.

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9
Q

Collective Variables

A

Refers to collectively characteristics that include novelty , complexity, and incongruity.

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10
Q

Novel Stimulus

A

Is new and different type of stimuli to which a person has become accustomed.

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11
Q

Complexity Variable

A

Determined by the number of elements and dissimilarities of those elements in a stimulus array.

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12
Q

Incongruity Variable

A

Refers to the disparity between a single element in the stimulus array and other accompanying stimulus elements or previous elements.

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13
Q

Tasks

A

Arousal has also been linked to how much energy a person is willing to expend in order to successfully complete a task or attain an incentive.

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14
Q

Degree of Arousal or Energization

A

For getting ready to act is based on three factors:

1) The severity of the person’s need
2) The value of the incentive being pursued
3) The likelihood that successfully completing the behavior will actually result in the incentive.

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15
Q

Arousal-Performance Relationships

A

Personal introspection leads to conflicting conclusions about the relationship between arousal and performance efficiency.

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16
Q

Inverted-u arousal performance

A

as arousal increases, performance increases, levels off, and then decreases (Hebb, 1955; Malmo 1959).

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17
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

Low arousal produces maximal performance on difficult tasks, and high arousal produces maximal performance on easy task

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18
Q

Hull-Spence Theory

A

Arousal magnifies the intensity of all responses. In a simple task , arousal magnifies the dominant response, which is usually the correct one. Arousal of the dominant response in complex tasks is more likely to be the incorrect.

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19
Q

Cusp Catastrophe Model

A

performance efficiency is based on the interaction between physiological (somatic) anxiety and cognitive anxiety.

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20
Q

Arousal directs behavior in 3 ways

A
  1. Vigor 2. Persistance 3. effectiveness
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21
Q

Arousal sources

A

Internal (hunger) External (pain)

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22
Q

3 Categories of Arousal

A
  1. Physiological 2. Brain 3. Psychological
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23
Q

Autonomic Nervous system

A

regulates the rate of physiological processes that keep the body going. (respiration digestion)

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24
Q

Stress definiton Seyle

A

A state manifested by the pattern of symptoms (responses) that characterizes the emotional fight flight reaction.

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25
Strain
occurs when resources are not adequate for a person to achieve positive events or to avoid or escape negative events
26
Strain results from losing a relationship, accident or being able to fight off germs
True
27
Coping
behavior that is motivated to meet lifes demands and their consequences.
28
What are hormones responsible for?j
physiological symptoms
29
Adrenaline
Hormone that prepares the body for the fight or flight response by causing the heart to pump faster, opening air passages to the lungs to provide more oxygen to muslces.......
30
Cortisol
stress hormone, stimulates the release of glucose into the bloodstream that provides the energy necessary for any fight or flight response
31
Wood Study 2007
computer games 72 percent said helped boredom or relieve stress.
32
Cormorbidity
refer to the association between psychological distress, on the one hand, and the use of illicit drugs on the other (PTSD)
33
Comfort food
relieves our physiological and psychological distress.
34
Rose et al
ppl with higher levels of depression ate chocolate more frequently and ate larger servings
35
Lua and Wong
Eating dark chocolate for 3 days reduced anxiety, depression and stress ratings
36
Stressors
Demands that are not dealt with effectively.
37
Eustress
physiological arousal the resulted from positive events
38
Distress
occurs when arousal is too low or too high
39
Same domain effect
Negative events produce distress and reduce the quallity of life. Positive events increase positive feelings and increase the quality of life.
40
Preparatory response hypothesis
a signal receding a biologically relevant event allows the organism to prepare for that event
41
Saftey hypothesis
Maintains that it is crucial to distinguish safe intervals when shock is not being delivered from unsafe intervals when it is
42
Objective measures
the degree of adjustment already has an assigned value.
43
Subjective measures
Individuals assign their own value to the degree of adjustment
44
Life Change Unit
Dgree of adjustment necessary to cope with life changes
45
Life change research
Events of our life influence our susceptibility to physical and mental illness
46
Social readjustment rating scale (Holmes and Rahe)
List of stressful events (degree of stressfulness of different life changes
47
What is the correlation between these changes and incidence of illness?
Life changes cluster before onset of illness. Increase in LCU associated with increase probability of illness. Correlations are small 1.5-2.0
48
Holmes and Masuda
2 years on SRS scale
49
Preparatory response Hypothesis
states that a signal preceding a biologically relevant event allows the organism to prepare for that event
50
Psychophysiological or psychosomatic disorders
asthma headaches hypertension, and heart disease
51
Psychoneuroimmunology
the science that studies the relationship among stressors, the bodys immune system and disease
52
cytokines
cells in the immune system
53
open window hypothesis
a few hours after strenuous exercise the immune system is suppressed and allows and open window for a virus or bacteria to invade and infect the body.
54
Moderator variables
characteristic of the environment or of the person that alter the relationship or less vulnerable to life events
55
Primary appraisal
potential event is evaluated as to whether or not it is relevant, benign, positive, or stressfull.
56
Secondary appraisal
what strategies can meet the demands of life events
57
Problem-focused coping
involves trying to identify the problem more clearly and consider potential solutions
58
Emotion-focused coping
Managing the negative reactions of the accompanying stress
59
Emotion focused coping strategies
Wishful thinking, distancing, emphasizing the positive, self-blame, tension reduction, self isolations
60
Wishful thinking
desire that the problem would somehow go away or that the person would feel differently about it
61
Distance
bidings ones time before doing anything or trying to forget the problem
62
emphasizing the positive
interpreting the problem in a positive light
63
Self-blame
A way of coping refers to the realization that you are responsible for your actions and their consequences.
64
Tension reduction
things that make a person feel better. Drugs eating jogging
65
self Isolation
keep other people ignorant of their problems or avoid people in general
66
Hardiness
Personality trait composed of three characteristics: Control commitment and challenge
67
Charcteristics of stress
Physical (cold Psychological (boredom) Maladaptive Taking drugs
68
Tonic Immobility
Refers to behavioral paralysis, unresponsiveness to pain and feigning death.
69
Cue Utilization Hypothesis
The amount of information utilized in the situation declines as arousal increases.
70
Cool memory system (hippocampus)
Works best under moderate arousal
71
Hot memory system (amygdale)
Works best under high arousal
72
Trait anxiety
Is an individual difference variable to respond negatively and with worry to the environment in general.
73
State anxiety
Refers to feelings of apprehension activated by a particular situation .
74
Processing efficiency theory definition
State anxiety - specially in Math - expresses itself as worry, which takes up working memory capacity. So the efficiency on solving math problems declines.
75
Optimal level of stimulation theory
One postulate of this theory is that every person has an optimal (best) level of stimulation and arousal that is associated with the highest positive affective valence.
76
Hedonic reversal
Repeated exposure to unpleasant stimuli at weak intensities eventually evokes positive affect
77
Sensory Depravation
Is a way of creating extremely low levels of stimulation

Chapter 6 and 7 (1 decks)

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