deck_2933232(1) Flashcards
What disease does AZT treat and what is its method of action?
HIV, inhibits reverse transcriptase
What disease does acyclovir treat and what is its method of action?
Herpes, reverse transcriptase inhibition
quinolone
bacterial infection, inhibits DNA gyrase and inhibits replication of DNA
What is the cause of dysteratosis congenita?
it is a telomerase deficiency syndrome
What is the cause of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC)?
Mutations in MMR genes
What is the cause of Hemoglobin Wayne syndrome?
deletion of U(frameshift mutation) resulting sense mutation (elimination of STOP codon) and polypeptide elongation.
Hemoglobin Constant Spring:
Sense mutation in hemoglobin
When is mTOR activated and what is its role?
via signal transduction cascades involved in drugs and stress; it phosphorylates eIF4E-BP to initiate translation
What do micins, cyclins and mycins have in common?
They are antibiotics that target the ribosome.
What is the cause of Thalassemias, in general?
involve disregulation of hemoglobin expression, resulting in lower levels of hemoglobin production in RBCs
Hemophilia B-Leyden:
mutation that revents TFs from binding and initiating transcription of factor IX gene, lower levels or absent factor IX prevents blood clotting
Fragile X Syndrome:
form of autism, results from CGG repeat expansion in 5’UTR of FMR1 gene, region is methylated and prevents initiation of transcription.
What 3 conditions are generally caused by defects in activators and repressors?
Msx2/Craniosynostosis; AIS (Androgen receptor DNA binding domain); Waardenburg Syndrome Type II (TFs of pigmentation and auditory development)
How does aspirin inhibit production of inflammatory cytokines?
Inhibits IKB phosphorylation and prevents NF-kB unteathering and nuclear entry.
Why does a congenital loss of APC increase the likelihood of developing colon cancer?
APC phosphorylates B-catenin and signals its degradation. B-catenin is a TF to induce cell proliferation.
How does Rifampicin work?
It binds RNA pol in bacteria and blocks its RNA exit channel.
What is alpha-amanitin and what does it do?
toxin/peptide of death-cap mushroom; prevents RNA pol II from translocating by blocking the bridge helix
What do Cockayne syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum and trichothiodystrophy have in common?
Involve mutations, loss of function in TFIIH, which is involved in transcriptional initiation and Nucleotide Excision Repair
Name a medical condition that involves a mutation of the AAUAAA polyA consensus site in globin genes.
Thallasemia
How does vorinostat work?
It is a HDAC inhibitor.
What is Gleevac?
bcl-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat chronic mylogenous leukemia.
What is Bortezomib?
a proteosome inhibitor to treat multiple myeloma
what class of molecule is substance P?
peptide
What class of molecule is vasopressin and what is it used for?
peptide, anti diuretic hormone used in diabetes insipidus
What is the molecular basis of Cystic Fibrosis?
deletion of amino acid in CF transmembrane conductase regulator
What is Ritonavir?
competitive inhibitor of HIV protease
Methotrexate:
competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme necessary for nucleotide biosynthesis; used in cancer treatmentents.
How does penicillin work to block bacterial growth?
It irreversibly binds and inhibits glycopeptide transpeptidase and prevents cell wall formation.
