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Weeds > deck_2233443 > Flashcards

deck_2233443 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a weed

A

A generally unwanted plant that thrives in habitats disturbed by humans

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2
Q

What is weed plasticity

A

The ability for weeds to adapt

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3
Q

What 3 resources can be limiting

A

Light, water, nutrients

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4
Q

What 2 resources are limited

A

Oxygen and CO2

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5
Q

Factors affecting weed competition

A

Densitytime of emergenceDuration

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6
Q

What is allelopathy

A

plant produces a toxic substance which is selectively poison to other plants

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7
Q

What is a cline

A

Gradual variation along an ecological gradient

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8
Q

What is ecotype

A

specialized adaptations to local environments

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9
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

a community of organisms interacting with eachother in their chemical and physical environments

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10
Q

What is homeostasis

A

ability of an organisms to maintain constant internal conditions

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11
Q

What is population

A

a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same place at the same time

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12
Q

What is metapopulation

A

population divided into subpopulations due to different habitats

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13
Q

J shaped growth curve

A

rapid growth that overshoots carrying capacity

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14
Q

S shaped

A

At carrying capacity and is regulated

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15
Q

Why has the pop grown so much in the 60 years

A

Birth rates highDeath rates lowgreen revolution

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16
Q

What conditions promote slower human growth

A

PredationStressDispersalTerritoriality DiseaseGenetic changeClimate/weather

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17
Q

What is a specialist

A

Only specific conditions Limited type of foodOut compete other species for their food

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18
Q

What is a generalist

A

Adaptable to different environments and food sources

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19
Q

What is scramble competition

A

growth and reproduction are depressed equally

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20
Q

What is contest competition

A

some individuals claim more resources

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21
Q

What are the effects of competition

A

Growth and developmentIncreased mortality ratesReduce high rates of reproductionHigh density can be stressful to individuals

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22
Q

What is a population

A

Individuals of the same species occupying the same place at the same time

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23
Q

What is metapopulation

A

A collection of local populations interacting within a larger region

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24
Q

What is competition (- -)

A

Both negatively affected

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25
Q

What is predation (+ -)

A

One living organism eats another living organism

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26
Q

What is mutualism (+ +)

A

An obligate relationship where both species require the relationship in order to increase fitness levels and survive

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27
Q

What is parasitism (+ -)

A

A relationship which one organisms benefits while the other is negatively affected (But not consumed)

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28
Q

What is innate dormancy

A

Primary dormancySeeds are dormant at the same time of release

29
Q

What is induced dormancy

A

Secondary dormancyBecome dormant sometime after release

30
Q

What is enforced dormancy?

A

Not true dormancyUnable to grow due to environ. conditions

31
Q

What is dormancy bimorphism

A

Some weeds spread dormant and non dormant seeds

32
Q

Is tillage effective?

A

Yes. It kills seedlings but also adds more seeds to the seed bank

33
Q

What is community?

A

A group of interacting plants and animals inhabiting a given area

34
Q

what is a biome?

A

Large regional communities of plants and animals

35
Q

What is ecotone?

A

Transition zone between 2 biomes

36
Q

What is succession?

A

Replacement of of one community with another

37
Q

What is primary succession?

A

Occurs on a site never before colonized by vegetation

38
Q

What is secondary succession?

A

Occurs on a disturbed site that had supported vegetation in the past

39
Q

What are the characteristics of pioneer stages?

A

Lack of soilLow soil fertilityHardy annual plants with short life cyclesGerneralists

40
Q

What are the characteristics of climax stage?

A

Well developed soilImproved nutrientsMore stable environmentSpecialists

41
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

Total variety of genus, species, population, and habitats required to sustain a healthy ecosystem

42
Q

What are threats to biodiversty?

A

50% of all species may go extinct in our lifetime

43
Q

Characteristics of Alpine

A

Cold tempsShort growing seasonWindPlants are low and compact

44
Q

Characteristics of Boreal Forest

A

Poor soils, low temp, low moistureNeedled leavesFlexible branchesPS can occur at -6Nutrient poor soilsLow plant litter

45
Q

Characteristics of Grassland

A

Precip limits tree growthHigh OM

46
Q

Characteristics of Desert

A

Potential Evapotranspiration > precipLow productivityWide fluctuations of daily tempLack of litter layerHigh erosionadapted to drought

47
Q

Characteristics of Temperate deciduous forest

A

Better moisture conditions than borealLose leaves in the winterGreater species diversity

48
Q

Characteristics of Tropical rainforest

A

Greater than +4 CelsiusLots of rainMany speciesAcidic infertile soilsAdapted to shade

49
Q

What are the 6 natural regions in AB

A

Grassland, Parkland, Foothills, Boreal Forest, Rocky Mtn., Cdn. Shield

50
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

sum of all biological and no bio parts of an area which interact to produce a system

51
Q

What is a producer? (autotroph)

A

an organism that can synthesize organic material from inorganic sources using light (plants)

52
Q

What is a consumer? (Heterotroph)

A

an organisms that consumes organic matter for nutrition (animals)

53
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy can be changed from one form to another, but can never be created or destroyed

54
Q

What is the law of increasing entropy?

A

Entropy increases as energy is transferred through a system

55
Q

What is bioaccumulation?

A

Concentration of certain chemicals in the fatty tissues of organisms feeding at a lower trophic level

56
Q

What are ecosystem services?

A

Benefits provided by intact ecosystems (Cleansing of air and water)They control pests and pathogens

57
Q

What are the steps in IPM?

A

Prevention, Idenitifcation, sample, thresholds, control, evaluate effectiveness

58
Q

What is cross resistance?

A

Weeds resistant to many herbicides

59
Q

What is multiple resistance?

A

Once a weed in resistant to one group, it appears to be easier to develop resistance to other groups

60
Q

How do you delay herbicide resistance?

A

Rotate herbicide groups, use mixtures, keep records, use IPM

61
Q

4 types of weed control

A

Preventative, cultural, physical, biological

62
Q

What is the Canada Seeds Act?

A

Defines the max number and type of weed seeds tolerated in crop seed for sale in canada

63
Q

What are the three categories of noxious weeds?

A

Primary, secondary, and prohibited

64
Q

What is the weed control act of alberta?

A

Prevents or controls spread of specific weeds

65
Q

What are selective herbicides?

A

Kills certain types of plants and leaves the crop

66
Q

What are non-selective herbicides?

A

Injures all groups of plants

67
Q

what are contact herbicides?

A

Kills only part of the plant it covers

68
Q

What are translocated herbicides?

A

Moved within the vascular system to the site of action where injury occurs

Weeds (1 decks)

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