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Chapter 6 replicate > deck_17608502 > Flashcards

deck_17608502 Flashcards

1
Q

What are RBCs

A

Carry oxygen from lungs to cells, tissues and organs. They remove CO^2.

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2
Q

What are WBCs

A

Defend your body against infection and disease.

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3
Q

Blood platelets

A

Cell fragments to help blood clot

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4
Q

Blood cells other name

A

Solid component named formed elements

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5
Q

Plasma cells other name

A

Liquid component

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6
Q

What do blood cells consist of?

A

RBCs, WBCs and platelets

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7
Q

What are plasma cells made up of?

A

They make up more than half of your blood

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8
Q

What are the three groups of blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes, RBCs, leukocytes, WBCs and thrombocytes, blood platelets.

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9
Q

Where are blood cells produced?

A

In the bone marrow, during formation proteins in the bloodstream and bone marrow help change their size and shape according to their functions

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10
Q

Blast

A

A blood cells starts out as this large immature cell, and it shrinks as it matures

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11
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Is a protein. As the red blood cells matures, hemoglobin replaces its nucleus, and it allows RBCs to transport oxygen and CO^2 throughout the blood.

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12
Q

Antigens meaning

A

Surface of RBCs, are naturally occurring. These help determine a person’s blood type.

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13
Q

Four major inherited blood types?

A

A, B, AB, O

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14
Q

What if someone has RBC’s with a B or AB blood type?

A

They have a and/or B antigens

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15
Q

Red blood cells of someone with an O blood type?

A

Do not contain antigens

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16
Q

What does it mean if a person has Rh antigen?

A

The person has a positive blood type. Lack of Rh antigen leads to a negative blood type.

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17
Q

Leukocytes main function

A

Essential role in the immune system

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18
Q

What are thrombocytes

A

Aid in blood clotting. Platelets rush to injured area and begin to stick together to trap cells from escaping the tissue wall.

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19
Q

What are megakaryocytes

A

Thrombocytes, bone marrow cells with very large nuclei.

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20
Q

Hemostasis meaning

A

Slow down the flow of blood until other clotting factors come into play

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21
Q

Plasma cells contain?

A

Liquid portion of blood that contains water, hormones, sugar, salts and waste.

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22
Q

Proteins in plasma?

A

Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen and prothrombin

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23
Q

primary function of cardiovascular system

A

Circulates oxygen rich blood throughout the body and removes CO^2.

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24
Q

What do the blood vessels do?

A

Form a closed loop of tubes and carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back to the heart.

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25
Q

3 types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, veins and capillaries

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26
Q

What do arteries do and what does it look like?

A

Move blood away from the heart, because of contraction the walls of an artery are thick, strong and elastic

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27
Q

what happens as arteries get away from the heart

A

Get smaller and smaller and branch into all areas of the body

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28
Q

Arterioles meaning

A

Smaller arteries that connect to capillaries

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29
Q

What are capillaries

A

Small so that RBCs can pass through them one at a time. In these capillaries, oxygen and CO^2 are exchanged.

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30
Q

What happens right after the O and Co^2 exchange in the capillaries?

A

RBCs pass through venules and head towards the heart.

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31
Q

What do veins do and look like?

A

Carry blood toward the heart through one way valves that direct the flow of blood, the walls of a vein and thinner and less elastic. Surrounding muscle tissues also contract to help veins force blood toward the heart.

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32
Q

what happens as veins get closer to the heart

A

they get bigger

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33
Q

How do veins pump blood back to the heart

A

One way valves that direct the flow of blood

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34
Q

What’s the heart?

A

A hollow muscular contractile organ situated in the thoracic chest

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35
Q

What’s a contractile organ

A

One that produces contractions, a rhythmic cycle of muscle shortening and tightening

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36
Q

What lies on either side of the heart

A

Right lung and left lung

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37
Q

Apex meaning

A

The lowest part of the exterior of the heart

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38
Q

Where is the apex

A

Rests on the diaphragm, separates thoracic and abdominal cavities. Location where a stethoscope can detect apical pulse.

39
Q

What does the heart need

A

A blood supply

40
Q

Fibroserous meaning

A

Body tissue that consists of firm layer of fibrous tissue covered by a thin watery surface

41
Q

Pericardium

A

Fibroserous sac

42
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Space between pericardium and epicardium

43
Q

Three layers of the heart

A

Epicardium, myocardium,endocardium

44
Q

Epicardium description

A

A thin watery layer that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium, sac that surrounds the heart

45
Q

Myocardium description

A

A layer of cardiac muscle that makes up the middle of the heart

46
Q

endocardium description

A

The innermost layer that lines the 4 chambers and covers the valves

47
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

Right and left atrium, right and left ventricles

48
Q

Atria

A

Upper chambers, receive blood from the veins

49
Q

Ventricles

A

Bottom chambers, receive blood from the atria and then pump the blood into systemic circulation

50
Q

Systemic circulation meaning

A

circulation in which blood is pumped from the heart to the rest of the body

51
Q

Right ventricle function

A

Pumps blood in the lungs

52
Q

Left ventricle function

A

Pumps blood to the rest of the body via aorta.

53
Q

Septum meaning

A

Divides the organ into the right heart and left heart, creating a double pump

54
Q

What happens in a double pump system

A

Deoxygenated blood flows from the right heart to the lungs to be oxygenated. the oxygenated blood flows to the left heart where its delivered to the body

55
Q

Blood direction

A

Travels in one direction through the heart

56
Q

Where do valves go and when do they happen?

A

Guide blood between the atria and ventricles and major blood vessels in pulmonary and systemic circulation

57
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Located between the atrial and ventricular chambers in the right and left sides of the heart.

58
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

The right AV valve has three flaps

59
Q

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

A

Left AV valve has 2 flaps

60
Q

Semilunar valves

A

2 of them, one situated in the aorta and other in the pulmonary artery. Called pulmonary semilunar valves and thee aortic semilunar valves. Have a set of 3 crescent shaped flaps.

61
Q

Valves contraction

A

Keep blood flowing forward through the cardiac muscle. these contractions generate pressure and causes the flaps to close, preventing backflow of blood in heart. As the AV and SL valves close they make a sound which can be heard through auscultation.

62
Q

Heart summary

A

Hub of CV system, provides propulsive force for circulating oxygen and nutrients rich blood to the body and eliminating CO^2 and metabolic waste.

63
Q

Valves summary

A

One way valves in the heart and in the blood vessels allow blood to pump forward in one direction

64
Q

Lungs summary

A

Involves in CV circulation as they coordinate the exchange of oxygen and CO^2 during breathing

65
Q

cardiopulmonary

A

Functional interrelationship between the heart and lungs

66
Q

Blood circulations types

A

Pulmonary, systemic and cardiac circulation

67
Q

What happens during pulmonary circulation

A

Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs then back to the heart. right heart functions as pump.

68
Q

Pulmonary circuit right atrium function

A

Oxygen poor blood from systemic circulation enters the right atrium through superior and inferior vena cava. Fills with blood and contractions in the atrium push blood to the right ventricle.

69
Q

Pulmonary circuit enters the pulmonary trunk

A

Then the blood diverges into the right and left pulmonary arteries. These arteries branch off into arterioles and then into capillaries. These capillaries are located in the alveoli. Oxygen and CO^2 are exchanged.

70
Q

Capillaries meaning

A

Small thin walled blood vessels with semipermeable membranes to allow for gas exchange

71
Q

Left side of the heart function

A

In charge of systemic circulation. Process by which the heart pumps blood to all parts and systems of the body. When blood this blood returns to the heart via lungs the blood is oxygen rich. This oxygenated blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle. Upon contraction of the left ventricle. Blood is pumped into smaller arteries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood to the body.

72
Q

Systemic circulation from the arteries

A

Blood is pumped into arterioles. These are small arterial branches that lead to the capillaries. Oxygen is then delivered to the body.

73
Q

Systemic circulation after delivering oxygen

A

Blood travels into the venules. Veins carry oxygen poor blood to the heart. Then the oxygen depleted blood enters one of 2 vena cavae. Then pulmonary circulation begins.

74
Q

superior vena cava

A

Receives blood from the head chest and upper extremities, empties the blood into the right atrium

75
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Receives blood from lower extremities, empties the blood into thee right atrium

76
Q

Cardiac circulation

A

After blood leaves the heart and enters aorta, the aorta splits into branches including coronary arteries. the arteries split into smaller arteries and capillaries which supply the heart with oxygen. Deoxygenated blood returns back through several cardiac veins which drain in the large coronary sinus.

77
Q

Conduction

A

Contractions that occur due to eh conduction of an electrical current

78
Q

Heart rate of an adult

A

Between 60 and 90 BPM, average is 72 bpm

79
Q

How is heart activity regulated

A

Autonomic nervous system and nodal system

80
Q

Nodal system

A

Responsible for electrical current conduction in the heart.

81
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

Conductions begins, located in right atrium, when electrical impulses affect the SA node the atria contract.

82
Q

AV node

A

After atria contract, Electrical impulse continues at the junction of the atria and ventricle to the bundle of His and then to the right and left bundle branches in the ventricular septum.

83
Q

Impulse termination

A

Purkinje fibers which line the ventricle walls. The ventricles contract.

84
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of the ventricles

85
Q

diastole

A

Relaxation of the ventricles

86
Q

Blood pressure

A

Pressure exerted by the blood against the wall of an artery or vein.

87
Q

Systolic number

A

Top number

88
Q

Systolic pressure

A

measurement of BP while 2 heart ventricles are contracting

89
Q

Diastolic number

A

Bottom number

90
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Measurement of BP between heartbeats

91
Q

mmHg meaning

A

Millimeter of mercury is the amount of pressure it takes to raise the column of mercury by 1 millimeter

92
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

instrument for measuring BP, inflates and deflates

93
Q

Normal systolic and diastolic BP for adults

A

90-140 and diastolic 60-90.

Chapter 6 replicate (1 decks)

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