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deck_17527355 Flashcards

1
Q

What law states that performance of a computer doubles every 18 months; and the cost of data processing, communications and storage is essentially ZERO?

A

Gordon Moore’s law

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2
Q

What are the 4 EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS (ASCE)?

A
  1. Abstract Reasoning: Manipulate models with a logical or reasonable thought process
  2. Systems Thinking: Connect inputs and outputs into a sensible whole
  3. Collaboration: Planning discussions, anticipating reactions
  4. Experimentation: Making a careful analysis of opportunity, envision solutions, and developing ideas with the most promise
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3
Q

What is a process and an information system? What is the relationship between them?

A

Process: a way of doing something

IS: collection of components (like a computer) that stores and retrieves data and produces information

A process may use multiple information systems, an information system may be used for multiple processes

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4
Q

What is the purpose of Information Systems Management?

A

Creating/monitoring/adapting processes, IS’, and information to help organizations achieve their strategies

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5
Q

What are Porters Five Forces?

A
  1. Threat of SUBSTITUTIONS
  2. Threat of NEW ENTRANTS
  3. Existing RIVALS
  4. Bargaining POWER of SUPPLIERS
  5. Bargaining POWER OF CUSTOMERS
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6
Q

What is Porters 4 competitive strategy square?

A

Choose one:

“Lowest Cost across industry” = COST + Industry Wide
Lowest cost in segment = Cost + Focus
Better product across industry = Differentiation + Industry
Better Product across segment = Differentiation + Focus

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7
Q

What is a value chain?

A

A network of value creating activities

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8
Q

What is a value chain according to PORTER (five activities: IL, OL, O, MS, S) (Four support: I, HR, R&D, P)?

A

5: Inbound Logistics, Operations, Outbound Logistics, Marketing and Sales, Service

4: Infrastructure, HR, R&D, Procurement

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9
Q

What are the 4 basic types of networks?

A
  1. Wide Area Network (WAN)
  2. Internet
  3. Local Area (LAN)
  4. Personal Area (PAN)
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10
Q

Intranet vs Internet?

A

Internet: Network of Networks (LANs, WANs, etc)
Intranet: Private internet for an organization

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11
Q

WIFI, Cellular networks, and Bluetooth all operate on this.

A

Radio Waves

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12
Q

What is a PROTOCOL?

A

A set of rules used by TWO communicating devices

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13
Q

What is a SOA?

A

Service-oriented Architecture provides a way for apps on a network to talk to each other

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14
Q

What is IoT?

A

Internet of Things are objects connected to the internet that communicate and share data (ex: parking place sensors)

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15
Q

What is THREE TIER ARCHITECTURE, what is it made up of?

A

3ta: way to build and organize software applications

USER TIER: user interacts with application
SERVER TIER: application’s data validation, calculations and business rules
DATABASE TIER: Stores and manages information and data for application

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16
Q

What is the cloud?

A

The elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the internet; organizations just pay for resources they use

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17
Q

What are the 3 types of Cloud options?

A
  1. SOFTWARE (SAAS)
  2. PLATFORM (PAAS)
  3. INFRASTRUCTURE (IAAS)
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18
Q

What does SAAS provide?

A
  1. Server or disk drive
  2. Server, OS, DBMS
  3. Apps (software, develop suite)
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19
Q

What does IAAS provide?

A

Server or Disk drive (storage)

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20
Q

What does PAAS provide?

A
  1. Server or disk drive
  2. Servers, OS, DBMS
  3. (Security, Testing for host apps)
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21
Q

What are the 4 components of computer hardware with examples?

A

INPUT: keyboard and mouse
CPU: RAM, Processor, Memory
OUTPUT: speakers, display
STORAGE: Magnetic disk, optical disk, cloud

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22
Q

What is the purpose of an OS?

A

Control computers resources

  • read and write data
  • start and stop programs
  • backup
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23
Q

What are the 5 types of SOFTWARE apps?

A
  1. Horizontal-Market: common across all industries (Excel)
  2. Vertical-market: specific industry (Doctors CRM)
  3. One-of-kind: Specific Need (Scotia App)
  4. Native: just one operating system
  5. Web: Browser exclusive (grammarly)
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24
Q

What are the 4 sources of apps?

A
  1. Off the Shelf: generic, no customization
  2. OTS with alterations: generic, customized before use
  3. Custom: Specific for business/client
  4. Open source: Public and can be modified (wikipedia)
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25
Q

What is Virtualization?

A

A process (VM) that allows multiple virtual resources to run on a single physical resource, improving efficiency, scalability, and flexibility. Can be applied to just about any context of IS (operating system VS, Desktop VS, hardware VS, etc)

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26
Q

What is a BUSINESS PROCESS?

A

System of ACTIVITIES(tasks) that turn INPUTS into OUTPUTS (ex: getting a new passport)

BPMN Chart

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27
Q

What is the difference between Structured vs Dynamic Process?

A

Structured: Formally defined, standardized process, day-to-day (scheduling work shifts)
Dynamic: less specific, adaptive, intuitive (Solving if/where to open new location)

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28
Q

What is the difference between Data vs Information?

A

Data = recorded facts
Information = knowledge we derive from those facts

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29
Q

What are the qualifications of data CARTS?

A

Cost worthy, Accurate, Relevant, Timely, (just) Sufficient

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30
Q

What are the 4 things that make up a BP?

A
  • Activities
  • Resources
  • Actors (human/computer hardware resource)
  • Role (particular actor for role)
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31
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of a Process?

A
  • Stability of flow (structured/dynamic)
  • Scope (Managerial/operational/strategic)
  • Objectives (effectiveness/efficiency)
  • Location in VC (marketing and sales/inbound logistics…)
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32
Q

What is the Operational vs Managerial vs Strategic SCOPE of processes?

A

Operational: daily, computer based, IS = TPS
Managerial: Seasonal, MIX based, IS = MIS
Strategic: When needed, People Based, IS = EES

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33
Q

How to achieve PROCESS IMPROVEMENT?

A
  1. Classify objectives (effective or efficient)
  2. (Make) Unstated Assumptions explicit
  3. Match objectives to strategy
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34
Q

What are bottlenecks, and what do we do with them?

A

When one activity reduces performance of overall progress, remove them

35
Q

What is an island of automation?

A

ISs’ that work in isolation from each other is called an Information Grain Silo

36
Q

What is a large enterprise IS that brings data together in a big database and helps improve processes in a company?

A

ERP system

37
Q

What is JIT Delivery?

A

Manufacturing occurring just as materials arrive to reduce storage costs

38
Q

What are the 5 Elements of ERP?

A
  1. Software
  2. Data
  3. Hardware
  4. Procedures
  5. People
39
Q

What are the characteristics of SOFTWARE in ERP?

A
  1. Configuration: adapting an ERP software to meet client needs without changing code
  2. Customization: Writing NEW CODE to Supplement ERP system when requirements cannot be met with configuration
40
Q

What are the characteristics of DATA in ERP?

A
  1. Transactional: purchases payments, deliveries
  2. Master: For organization/reference, supplier names, item names
  3. Organizational: Data ABOUT THE COMPANY, location of warehouses etc
41
Q

What are the Minor, Middle, and Major types of upgrades for ERP?

A

Minor: technical - improving IT
Middle: Functional - Improving Processes
Major: Full system Improvement

42
Q

What are the Pros and challenges of ERP system?

A

Pros:
1. Real-time data sharing
2. Best industry processes
3. More managers = Better oversight
4. No information silo
5. Better for supply chain partners
6. Create EOS after mergers

Challenges:
1. Vendor selection
2. Gap analysis
3. Configuration
4. Data issues
5. Cutover Method

43
Q

What is a Database?

A

A self-describing collection of integrated records OR a collection of tables plus their relationship

44
Q

What are the 4 components of a database?

A

Cell = BYTE
Column = FIELDS
Rows = RECORDS
Tables = FILES

45
Q

What does DBMS stand for? What does it mean?

A

DBMS = Database Management System

A program used to create, process, and administer a database

46
Q

What is an SQL?

A

Structured Query Language: universal language for processing database

47
Q

What is Multi-user processing? What is one downside to it?

A

Multiple users can access the database at the same time. Could lead to LOST UPDATE problem

48
Q

What is the difference between enterprise DBMS vs Personal DBMS?

A

Enterprise: process large organizational databases (1000+ users)
Personal: Smaller and simpler database applications (<100, <15)

49
Q

What is an E-R diagram? What 5 elements is it made up of?

A

E-R diagram: Entity relationship diagram

  1. Primary key: column that uniquely identifies row (“Drivers license #”)
  2. Entity: Noun that is independent of one another (person, place, object)
  3. Attributes: Characteristics of an entity (name, ID, etc)
  4. Relationships: how entities are related
  5. Foreign key: Shows relationship between 2 entities
50
Q

What is cardinality in a relationship?

A

Cardinality tells us if the relationships are: 1-1, 1-many, or many-many. Many - many must be broken into two 1-many relationships using a bridge entity.

51
Q

What is Big Data?

A

Vast volumes of structured and unstructured data

Volume, Variety, velocity

52
Q

What are the characteristics of the 3 Vs of Big data?

A
  1. Volume: dataset size
  2. Variety: types of data within dataset
  3. Velocity: Speed of data processing
53
Q

What is the definition of AI?

A

Software that enables an IS to mimic or simulate human intelligence

54
Q

What are the two types of AI objectives?

A
  1. Reasoning systems (think and act as people do)
  2. Pattern matching (matches perception to stored data and identifies patterns)
55
Q

What are Expert systems?

A

Rule based systems that encode data from human knowledge into KNOWLEDGE BASE. Uses If/Then rules

56
Q

What are Neural networks (NN)?

A

Adaptive system with NODES and CONNECTIONS (like a brain)… used for things like translation

57
Q

What is the difference between Narrow vs Broad AI?

A

Narrow: accomplishes specific task (grammarly)
Broad: flexible (chat)

58
Q

What is an analytics IS?

A

IS that supports acquiring analyzing and publishing data to reveal patterns

59
Q

What is an operational database?

A

Designed to make data inputs and updates efficient (like online transactions)

60
Q

What is a data warehouse?

A

A facility that prepares, stores, manages data for reporting and mining.

61
Q

What is the difference between Descriptive vs. Predictive Vs. Prescriptive Analytics?

A

Descriptive: informs of current conditions - Sorting, filtering, grouping, calculating
Predictive: same activities as descriptive but predicts events and outcomes
Prescriptive: combination of both, identifies best decisions to take action

62
Q

What is the difference between Cooperation vs Collaboration?

A

Cooperation: people doing all the same work together
Collaboration: dynamic process working together to achieve shared purpose

63
Q

What are the 3 types of Iteration use?

A
  1. No iteration control: no limits or restrictions on teamwork product
  2. Iteration management: Tracks changes and provides features to accommodate people working at the same time
  3. Iteration Control: limits user activity, version history, etc
64
Q

What is the difference between Passive vs Active Social media IS?

A

Passive: followers, views, visits, traffic
Active: Time on site, clicks, retweets, shares, comments, ratings

65
Q

What are the two characteristics of social media promotion?

A
  1. Network effect: exponential sharing
  2. Trust: consumers trust friends more than businesses
66
Q

What is social capital?

A

The investment in social relations with the expectations of returns in the marketplace

67
Q

What are the 4 risks of social media in business?

A
  • Underestimation of labour cost
  • Variable ROI
  • Customer privacy
  • Employee being cancelled
68
Q

What is collaborative consumption?

A

Mutual access to products and services rather than exclusive ownership (creative cloud)

69
Q

What are the 3 types of MERCHANT E-commerce?

A
  1. B2B
  2. B2C
  3. B2G (gov)
70
Q

What are the 3 types of NONMERCHANT e-commerce?

A
  1. Auctions - ebay
  2. Clearinghouses - SSense
  3. Electronic exchanges - Grailed, FB marketplace
71
Q

What are the 3 Ways E-commerce improves market efficiency?

A
  1. Data-flow
  2. Disintermediation
  3. Software
72
Q

What is ISS?

A

Information Systems SECURITY

73
Q

What are the two types of ISS threats?

A
  1. Human Error (internal employees)
  2. Computer Crimes (External Attackers)
74
Q

What are the 5 types of DATA targeted COMPUTER CRIME Threats?

A
  1. Hacking
  2. Injection (SQL)
  3. Malware (Virus, ransomware)
  4. Impersonation (phishing)
  5. Man-in-middle (sniffing)
75
Q

What are the 4 types of SOFTWARE targeted COMPUTER CRIME Threats?

A
  1. Denial of service
  2. Overflow
  3. Malware
  4. Usurpation
76
Q

What are the 3 types of Hardware targeted COMPUTER CRIME Threat?

A
  1. Terrorism
  2. Theft
  3. APT
77
Q

What are the 4 types of HUMAN ERROR Threats?

A
  1. Inadvertent (idiots)
  2. Deliberate (saboteurs)
  3. Procedure Problems (software)
  4. Accidents (hardware)
78
Q

What are the 6 ISS safeguards?

A
  1. Encryption
  2. Firewalls
  3. Malware (ANTI)
  4. Hardening
  5. VPN
  6. Secure Design
79
Q

What is encryption?

A

Converting plaintext into encoded text

80
Q

What are firewalls?

A

Apparatus that inhibits unauthorized entry into specific sections of a network

81
Q

What is Anti-malware?

A

Disrupts spyware and viruses

82
Q

What is hardening?

A

Limiting functions of a computer to decrease vulnerabilities (good for single purpose computers)

83
Q

What is Secure Design?

A

Designing security into a software

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