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First Aid > deck_17333 > Flashcards

deck_17333 Flashcards

2
Q

Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

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3
Q

Achilles tendon xanthoma

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia (↘LDL receptor signaling)

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4
Q

Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome(meningococcemia)

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5
Q

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

A

Marfan’s syndrome (fibrillin defect)

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6
Q

Athlete with polycythemia

A

Erythropoietin injection

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7
Q

Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

pott’s disease (vertebral tuberculosis)

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8
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

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9
Q

Blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen defect)

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10
Q

Bluish line on gingiva

A

Burton’s line (lead poisoning)

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11
Q

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

A

Paget’s disease of bone (↗osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

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12
Q

Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

A

Aortic regurgitation

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13
Q

Butterfly facial rashand Raynaud’s phenomenon in a young female

A

SLE

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14
Q

Café-au-lait spots, Lisch bodules (iris hamartoma)

A

Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas); Neurofibromatosis type Ii(+ bilateral acoustic neuromas)

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15
Q

Café-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty

A

McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)

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16
Q

Calf pseudohypertrophy

A

Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne’s): X-recessive deletion of dystrophin gene

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17
Q

Cherry-red spot on macula

A

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion

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18
Q

Chest pain on exertion

A

Angina (stable: moderate exertion; unstable: minimal exertion)

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19
Q

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

A

Dressler’s syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MU firbinous pericarditis, 1-12weeks after acute episode)

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20
Q

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

A

Gowers’ sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)

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21
Q

Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body

A

Slapped cheeks (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)

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22
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntingtons disease (auto-D CAG repeat expansion)

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23
Q

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

A

McArdle’s disease (uscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

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24
Q

Cold intolerance

A

Hypothyroidism

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25
Q

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke])

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26
Q

Continuous “machinery” heart murmur

A

PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)

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27
Q

Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

Myxedema (caused by hypothroidism, Graves’ disease [periorbital])

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28
Q

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules

A

Kaposi sarcoma (usually AID patients [gay men]: associated with HHV-8)

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29
Q

Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation

A

Kussmaul breathing )diabetic ketoacidosis)

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30
Q

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

A

Pellagra (niacin [Vitamin B3] deficiency)

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31
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy

A

Wet beriberi (thiamine [Vitamin B1] deficiency)

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32
Q

Dog or cat bite resulting in infection

A

Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)

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33
Q

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

Sjogren’s syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)

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34
Q

Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)

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35
Q

Elastic skin, hypermobilit of joints

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)

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36
Q

Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

A

Virchow’s node (abdominal metastasis)

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37
Q

Erythroderma, lynphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

A

Sezard sundrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides

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38
Q

Facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

Chvostek’s sign (hypocalcemia)

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39
Q

Fat, female, forty, and fertile

A

Acute cholelithiasis (bile duct blockage)

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40
Q

Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)

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41
Q

Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

A

Measles (Morbillivirus)

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42
Q

Fever night sweats, weight loss

A

B symptoms (lymphoma)

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43
Q

Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis

A

Peyronie’s disease (connective tissue disorder)

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44
Q

Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-recessive)

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45
Q

Green-yellow rings around perpheral cornea

A

Kayser-Fleicher rings (Copper accumulation from Wilson’s disease)

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46
Q

Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowerl obstruction; ↗cancer risk)

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47
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms

A

Gaucher’s disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)

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48
Q

Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts

A

Alport syndrome (mutation in a chain of collagen IV)

49
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau’s sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

50
Q

Hyperphagia, hyper sexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility

A

Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)

51
Q

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, positive Babinski sign

A

UMN damage

52
Q

Hypertension, hypokalimia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn’s syndrome

53
Q

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy

A

LMN damage

54
Q

Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

A

Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)

55
Q

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

Nonpainful: chancre (1 syphilis, Treponema pallidum); Painful with exudate: chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi)

56
Q

Infant with faliure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration

A

Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)

57
Q

Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive and hepatomegaly

A

Cori’s disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)

58
Q

infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heard defect

A

Edwards’ syndrome (trisomy 18)

59
Q

Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

60
Q

Large rash with bull’s-eye apperance

A

Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bity (Lyme disease: Borrelia)

61
Q

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury

A

Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)

62
Q

Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells

A

Bruton’s disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)

63
Q

Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time

A

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack fo GpIIb/IIIa)

64
Q

Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth

A

Gardner’s syndrome (subtype of FAP)

65
Q

Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance

A

Pompe’s disease (lysosomal a-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)

66
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Wegener’s (c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture’s syndromes (anti-basement membrane antibodies)

67
Q

Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: waiter’s tip)

68
Q

No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance

A

Sheehan’s syndrome (pituitary infarction)

69
Q

Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

Multiple sclerosis

70
Q

Oscillating slow/fast breathing

A

Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or ↗intracranial pressure)

71
Q

Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia

A

Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)

72
Q

Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes

A

Raynaud’s syndrome (vasospasm in extremities)

73
Q

Painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles

A

Osler’s node (infective endcarditis)

74
Q

Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles

A

Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)

75
Q

Painless jaundice

A

Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct

76
Q

Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, jiont pain, abdominal pain (child)

A

Henoch0Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)

77
Q

Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors

A

MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)

78
Q

Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation

A

Pink puffer (emphysema: centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [a1-antitrypsin deficiency])

79
Q

Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances

A

Fanconi’s syndrome (proximal tubular reabsoption defect)

80
Q

Positive anterior “drawer sign”

A

Anterios cruciate ligament (ACL) injury

81
Q

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

A

Horner’s syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)

82
Q

Pupil accomodates but doesn’t react

A

Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)

83
Q

Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper respiratory infection)

A

Guillain0Barre syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)

84
Q

Rash on palms and soles

A

Coxsackie A, 2 syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

85
Q

Recurrent colds, unusual eczama, high serum IgE

A

Hyper-IgE syndrome (job’s syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)

86
Q

Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic aor diabetic patients

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

87
Q

Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola

A

Paget’s disease of the brease (represents underlying neoplasm)

88
Q

Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

89
Q

Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemngioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma

A

von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)

90
Q

Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instablity

A

Parkinson’s disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)

91
Q

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

A

Roth’s spots (bacterial endcarditis)

92
Q

Severe jaundice in neonate

A

Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

93
Q

Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenerness

A

McBurney’ sign (appendicitis)

94
Q

Short stature, ↗incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi’s anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often prgresses to AML)

95
Q

Single palm crease

A

Simian crease (Down syndrome)

96
Q

Situs inversus, chronic sinusitics, bronchiectasis, infertility

A

Kartagener’s syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)

97
Q

Skin hyperpigmentation

A

Addison’s disease (1 adrenocortical insufficiency causes ↗ACTH and a-MSh production)

98
Q

Slow, prgressive muscle weakness in boys

A

Becker’s muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne’s)

99
Q

Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers

A

Koplik spots (measles, rubeola virus)

100
Q

Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals

A

Condylomata lata (2 syphilis)

101
Q

Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

A

Bacterial endocarditis

102
Q

Strawberry tongue

A

Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome

103
Q

Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kigney, cystic hygroma at birth

A

Turner syndrome (45XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)

104
Q

Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi

A

Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)

105
Q

Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin

A

Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)

106
Q

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

A

Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard’s nodes], DIP [Heberden’s nodes])

107
Q

Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)

A

Aortic valve stenosis

108
Q

Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma

A

MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)

109
Q

Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis

A

MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)

110
Q

Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

A

Babinski sign (UMN lesion)

111
Q

Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead

A

Bell’s palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)

112
Q

Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male

A

Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27

113
Q

Vascular birthmart (port-wine stain)

A

Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)

114
Q

Vomiting blood follwing esophagogastric lacerations

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)

115
Q

Waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

116
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

117
Q

Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy

A

Whipple’s disease (Tropheryma whippelii)

118
Q

Worst headache of my life

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

First Aid (4 decks)

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