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a3 rev > deck_16859411 > Flashcards

deck_16859411 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

a double-walled sac around the heart

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2
Q

What are the divisons of the mediastinum?Where are they located

A

.

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3
Q

What is the pericardium composed of?

A

A superficial fibrous pericardium (like the tent tha the doc in lab mentioned)

A deep two-layer serous pericardium

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4
Q

What are the two layers of the serous pericardium? What are they seperated by?

A

The parietal layer lines the internal surface of the
fibrous pericardium

The visceral layer or epicardium lines the surface
of the heart

They are separated by the fluid-filled pericardial
cavity

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5
Q

What are the attacments of the pericardium in terms of other body parts surrounding it?

A

outer fibrous layer is continuous with the great
vessels superiorly and the diaphragm inferiorly.

Anteriorly, the pericardium is related to the sternum
by the sternopericardial ligaments.

Laterally, the pericardium is associated with the
parietal pleura

Posteriorly it remains in proximity to the bronchi,
oesophagus and descending thoracic aorta.

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6
Q

What are the functions of the serous fluid in the pericardial cavity?

A

lubricating the moving surfaces of the heart
.
Stabilizing the heart anatomic position
.
Isolating the heart from the adjacent anatomical structures

.
Limiting heart dilatation during diastole, reducing the endomyocardial tension,

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7
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Excess fluid in the percardial cavity bc of damage to the lymphatic vessels

(the tampon exploded so it cant absorb fluid)

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8
Q

What is the treatment of cardiac tamponade?

A

Pericardiocentesis

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9
Q

What is the blood supply of the pericardium?

A

1Internal thoracic artery (internal mammary artery) and its musculophrenic branch

2.Branches from the descending thoracic aorta.

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10
Q

What is the only vein that drains into the superior vena cavea?

A

The azygos vein

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11
Q

What system do the veins of the pericardium drain into?

A

azygos system of veins

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12
Q

What nerves supply the fibrous pericardium and the parteal serous pericardium? Where are motor and sensory fibers supplied?

A

C (3,4,5) (they in order bc the fib and the par are in order)

Motor fibers: To the diaphragm

Sensory fibers: Fibrous pericardium (bc its the top layer), Mediastinal pleura (plural 2 like s), diaphragmatic peritoneum (Top layer so it can sense)

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13
Q

What nerves supply the visceral serous pericardium? (epicardium)

A

The branches of sympathetic trunks and vagus nerves (autonomic nerve fibres).

(bc you put things inside the trunk)

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14
Q

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

A

Epicardium – visceral layer of the serous pericardium
Myocardium – cardiac muscle layer
Endocardium – endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface

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15
Q

From Where does the blood enter the right atrium?

A

Superior and inferior venae cavae and coronary sinus. (bc when you have corona you have a hard time breathing, and sinus bc mucus)

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16
Q

What is the job of valves?

A

Prevent blood from going back

17
Q

Where and what do the atrioventricular valves do?

A

Where: between the atria and ventricles.

Why to prevent back flow of blood into the atrium

18
Q

Where are the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves located?

A

pulmonary: Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.

aortic: Between the left ventricle and aorta

19
Q

What is another name for the right atrioventricular valve?

A

Tricupsid valve (bc your right is stronger)

20
Q

What is another name for the left atrioventricular valve?

A

bicupsid valve and mitral valve

21
Q

What is the sternocostal aspect of the heart? What is another name for it?

A

It is the view that you see from the front (pointing at the sternum and costal cartliges)

Another name: Anterior surface of the heart

22
Q

What is the anterior and posterior of the heart mostly made up of?

A

anterior: RV

posterior: LA

23
Q

What are sulci?

A

grooves on surface of heart containing coronary
blood vessels and fat

(like sinus so like river so it has the blood vessels and fat)

24
Q

What is the sulcus that seperates both atria from both ventricles?

A

Coronary sulcus (bc like corona so seperates)

25
Q

What sulcus are the right and left ventricles seperated by anteriorly and inferiorly?

A

Visible anteriorly: anterior interventricular sulcus

Visible inferiorly: posterior interventicular sulcus

26
Q

What are the borders of the heart formed by?

A

right border is formed by the wall of the right atrium. (bc you have to go to the border, you can’t vent through it)

inferior border sits on the diaphragm and is formed largely by the right atrium and ventricle with a small strip of the left ventricle

left border is formed by the left ventricle and the left auricle (part of the left atrium).

superior border is at the top and from it comes the root of the great vessels.

27
Q

What is the surgical signeficance of the transverse pericardial sinus?

A

Surgeons put their fingers in it and clamp the arteries

28
Q

What is the transverse pericardial sinus?

A

Space between the visceral pericardium covering the aorta, pulmonary trunk (togther) the visceral pericardium covering the veins and SVC.

29
Q

What is the oblique pericardial sinus?

A

Is the Pericardial cavity behind the
base of the heart

30
Q

Where is the apex of the heart where the apex beat can be felt?

A

left side, 5th intercostal space the point that intersects with the midclavicular line

31
Q

What valve can be listend to at the apex?

A

mitral valve/left atrioventricular valve/ bicupsid valve

32
Q

What are the positions of the borders of the heart based on the costal cartliges?

A

(We start from 2 bc that is where we count the ribs from from (sternal angle))

  1. Superior border: From the left 2 nd costal cartilage ~ 1 cm from the sternum, to the right 3 rd costal cartilage
  2. Left border: From the left 2 nd costal cartilage, ~ 1 cm from the sternum, to the apex.
  3. Right border: From the right 3 rd costal cartilage, ~ 1 cm from the sternum, to the right 6 th costal cartilage ~ 1 cm from the sternum.
  4. Inferior border: From the apex to the right 6 th costal cartilage ~ 1 cm from the sternum.

a3 rev (1 decks)

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