Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOSCIENCE II FROM JOSH N > deck_1516053 > Flashcards

deck_1516053 Flashcards

1
Q

Herbal Supplements: are they regulated by FDA?

A

NOpe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Herbal Supplements: is there rigorus testing such as with Rx meds?

A

nope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Herbal Supplements: are the adverse effects all know?

A

nope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Herbal Supplements: should be stoped how long prior to Sx

A

2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Herbal Supplements: what is the most popular herbal remedy in currently in the US

A

Echinacea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Herbal Supplements: Echinacea is beleived to improve immune system by how?

A

modulation of cytokine signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Herbal Supplements: Echinacea is used for tx of what?

A

viral, bacterial, and fungal infections (especially URI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Herbal Supplements: Echinacea Chronic use can resut in what?

A

immunosupression and hepatic faiuler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Herbal Supplements: Echinacea what are some periop considerations?

A

avaoid hepatotoxic drugs avoid in immunosupressed pts (transplant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Herbal Supplements: Echinacea other names

A

purple coneflower coneflower American coneflower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ephedra other names?

A

ma Huang Herbal ecstasy Cloud 9 (sounds bad ass)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ephedra Sale is restricted in the US to Chinese Herbal Medicine only d/t adverse effects r/t dietary suppliments. what are some of those SE

A 
		Palpatations			HTN			Tacjycardia			Stroke			Seizures			Cardiomyopathy			MI			Dysrhythmias			Acute hepatitis			psychosis			death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ephedra it contains what alkaloids?

A 
		ephedrine			pseudoephedrine			methylephredrine			nor-pseudo-ephedrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ephedra has direct effect on ____ and ___ receptors and can indirectly increase the release of norepi for presynaptic neurons

A

alpha beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ephedra Used for what 3 things

A

Weight loss CNS stimulant Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ephedra periop considerations

A 
		when combined with other sympathomimetics can cause			HTN			Dysrhythmias			Hyperthermia			CV instability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Herbal Supplements: Garlic also called what?

A

Allium sativum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Herbal Supplements: Garlic has been used for centuries to treat what?

A

CV disease DM Infections Tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Herbal Supplements: Garlic the _____ in garlic is beleived to decrease thromboxane formation and alter arachidonic metabolism

A

Cysteine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Herbal Supplements: Garlic since it decreases thromboxane formation it can inhibit what?

A

platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Herbal Supplements: Garlic can potentiate the anti-platelet effects of what drugs (2)?

A

Aspirin NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Herbal Supplements: Garlic preop considerations

A 
		Assess bleeding risk			D?C 7 days b4 sx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ginger also called what?

A

Ziingiber officinale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ginger used to treat what?

A

Arthritis GI d/o Vertigo antiemetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ginger the active component ______ is thought to inhibit prostaglandin and leukotriene sysnthesis

A

Gingerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ginger is also thought to inhibit ________ synthatase, thus decreasing platelet agregation

A

thromboxane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ginger may ________ the effect of medications with anticoagulation properties

A

potentiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ginger periop considerations

A 
		assess for bleeding			Avoid in combination w/ other anticoagulants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Herbal Supplements: Gingko Biloba is thought to do what?

A

protect vascular walls and nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Herbal Supplements: Gingko Biloba is thought to protect vascular walls and nerve cells by acting as a _____-___ scavengers and ________ platelet activating factor

A

free-radical scavenger inhibiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Herbal Supplements: Gingko Biloba was approved in Germany for the tx of ______

A

dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Herbal Supplements: Gingko Biloba is also beleived to decrease blood viscosity and improve blood flow to tissues and is used to treat _____

A

PVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Herbal Supplements: Gingko Biloba periop considerations

A 
		Assess bleeding			Avoid w/ NSAIDs, Aspirin, Warfarin			D/C 36 hours prior to sx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ginseng used in traditional Chinese medicine for what? (3 main things)

A

immunomodulation Mood enhancement aphrodisiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ginseng has mild sympathomimetic effect and may interact with what enzyme? tremors and mania have beenreported

A

Monoamine Oxidase Enzyme (MAO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ginseng does what to BGL

A

Hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ginseng does what to platelet aggregation

A

interferes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Herbal Supplements: Ginseng periop considerations

A 
		Monitor BGL			May increase bleeding (Assess)			D/c 7 days prior to sx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Herbal Supplements: Herbal Diuretics what are 5 types

A 
		Dandelion			Green tea			Goldenseal			Saw Palmetto Berries			Spearmint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Herbal Supplements: Herbal Diuretics the MOA is uncertain but it is thought to interfers with the _____ system

A

RAAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Herbal Supplements: Herbal Diuretics do to the diuretic effects significant ____ and _____ disturbances are associated with their use?

A

fluid and electrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Herbal Supplements: Herbal Diuretics periop considerations

A

monitor fluid and electrolytes correct prior to sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Herbal Supplements: KAVA another name

A

Piper methysticum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Herbal Supplements: KAVA derived for the dried root of the ___ plant family

A

pepper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Herbal Supplements: KAVA what is it used for

A

anxiolytic and Sedative effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Herbal Supplements: KAVA the anxiolytic and seditive effect are mediated by potentiation of what?

A

GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Herbal Supplements: KAVA potentiated effects of what drugs

A

barbs Benzos

48
Q

Herbal Supplements: KAVA SE are seen in what organ

A

hepatotoxicity (LIVER)

49
Q

Herbal Supplements: KAVA Perioperative considerations

A

may reduce MAC Avaoid hepatotoxic drugs D/C 24hrs prior to sx

50
Q

Herbal Supplements: St. John’s Wort Another name

A

Hypericum perforatum

51
Q

Herbal Supplements: St. John’s Wort is widely used in western societies as what?

A

antidepressant for mood disorders

52
Q

Herbal Supplements: St. John’s Wort similar to more convential antidepressents , and it’s effects are thought to be b/c of thr inhibition of _______, ______, and _______ re-uptake by neurons

A

Serotonin Noorepinephrine Dopamine

53
Q

Herbal Supplements: St. John’s Wort found to be equal to _______antidepressants (drug class) in the treatment of mild to moderate depressive d/o

A

tricyclic

54
Q

Herbal Supplements: St. John’s Wort periop considerations

A 
		can lead to serotonergic syndrome			may increase metabolism of Drugs (d/t potent inducer of CYP450)			reduces anticoagulation effect of drugs			Sedative properties may prolong anesthestic drugs			D/C 5 days b4 sx
55
Q

Herbal Supplements: Valerian another name?

A

Valeriana Officnialis

56
Q

Herbal Supplements: Valerian has been used as what?

A

Anxiolytic sedative

57
Q

Herbal Supplements: Valerian produces dose dependent sedation and hypnosis, possiably d/t inhibition of _____ breakdown and re-uptake

A

GABA

58
Q

Herbal Supplements: Valerian acutly stopping will cause what?

A

withdrawl

59
Q

Herbal Supplements: Valerian periop considerations

A 
		Decrease MAC			Benzo like withdrawl if sudden stop
60
Q

Illicit Drug Use: what are signs that indicate illicit drug use?

A

Track marks thrombotic veins Phlebitis Tattoos ablation of venous return (unilateral edema) Sub Q abcess

61
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Opthalmologic Changes opiods

A

constriction (miosis)

62
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Opthalmologic Changes Amphetamines

A

Dilation (Mydriasis)

63
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Opthalmologic Changes PCP

A

Nystagmus

64
Q

Illicit Drug Use: malnourishment is usually seen in what obusers opiod or amphetamines?

A

Amphetamines

65
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Poor dentation is usually associated with abusers of what drugs

A

Amphetamines

66
Q

Illicit Drug Use: nasal perforation is isually from what drug abuse

A

Cocaine

67
Q

Illicit Drug Use: S/S of withdrawl (abstinence)

A

HTN Tachycardia Abdominal pain Cramping Diahrrea Tremors anxiety irritability Lacrimation Mydriasis algid sweating yawning

68
Q

Illicit Drug Use: suspection of Drug abuse should be followed up with what?

A

urine drug screen

69
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana other names

A

pot hash grass weed THC

70
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana obtained from what plant

A

Cannabis Sativa

71
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana What is the active ingrediant

A

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

72
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana effects

A

possible antiemetic analgesia anticonvulsant appatite stimulant

73
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana 1/2 life

A

56 hours for occasional users 28 hrs for chronic users

74
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana why is the tissue half life so long? (1 weeks)

A

d/t sequestering in adipose tissue

75
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana complete elimination of a single dose may take up to how many days

A

30 days

76
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana metabolized by the _____ into more than 20 metabolites (most w/ psychoactive properties)

A

Liver

77
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana frequent use can lead to what?

A 
		cognative impairment			Shorted memory span			Confusion			altered time perception			Dulled reflexes			diff with ADLs
78
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana low or moderate doses _______ sympathetic activity and ________ parasympathetic activity. which results in what?

A 
		increases			decreases			tachycardia and increased CO
79
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana High doses ______ sympathetic activity but not parasympathetic activity, leading to what

A 
		inhibit			Hypotension & bradycardia
80
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana combination with other sedatives (ETOH, Benzo) may enhance _____ Depression

A

CNS

81
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana effects on CV Myocaridal depression and and HR BP and HR drugs What drugs should you avoid

A 
		increased Myocadial depression and tachycardia			Potentiates BP and HR drugs			Avoid drugs that increase HR (ketamine, panc, atropine, ephedrine)
82
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana respiratory effects

A 
		Upper airway irritability			Cough/bronchitits/ COPD/ bronchospasm			Upper airway edema
83
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Marijuana some reccomend administration of what drug as prophylaxis from airway edema and irritation prior to GA

A

Dexamethasone

84
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Opioids S/S of opioid craving

A

lacrimation Rhinorrhea yawning Piloerection

85
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Opioids S/S of opiod overdose

A 
		Slow RR			Increased TV			Miotic pupils
86
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Opioids s/s of withdrawl

A 
		restlessness			insomnia			mydriasis			tachycardia			tachypnea			HTN			Dysphoria			Unconciousness
87
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Opioids when does withdrawl occur? when does it peak?

A

4-6 hours post last intake peaks 48-72 hours

88
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Opioids treatment for withdrawl

A

Opioids Methadone Clonidine

89
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Opioids what drugs do you want to avoid, bc they can cause withdrawl

A

Nubain Narcan

90
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Opioids Anesthestic considerations Acute opiiod intoxication does what to MAC

A

decreases

91
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Opioids Anesthestic considerations Chronic opioid abuse does what to MAC

A

increases it

92
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Opioids Anesthestic considerations why do abusers usually have exaggerated pain post op?

A 
		decreased pain tolerance			decreased productionof endogenous opioids (endorphins, Enkephalins)			increased post op Opioid requirement
93
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine extracted from the leaves of what plant?

A

Erythroxylon coca

94
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine available in what hydrochloride forms

A

powder granules crystals

95
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine alkalinizide form (highly addictive) is called what

A

Crack rock free base

96
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine When Smoked injected, snorted or ingested orally inhibits _________ uptake of sympathomimetic NT (AKA NE, Serotonin, Dopamine)

A

Presynaptic

97
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine produces a pwerful euphoria lasting ____-___ min as a result of free catecholamines stimulation

A

5-30 min

98
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine blood flow to arteries in areas like the ___ & ____may be compromised as the vessels vasoconstrict or vasospasm temporarily, severly compromising oxygenation and supply; this may lead to irreversable brain damage, stroke, and MI

A

Heart and brain

99
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine metabolism _____ _____ across lipid membranes d/t low molecular weight and High lipid solubility

A

Easilly diffused

100
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine metabolism metabolised to water soluble metabolites abd excreted in _____

A

urine

101
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine metabolism biological 1/2 life?

A

0.5-1.5 hr

102
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine metabolism ______ cholenesterases metabolizes 75-90% of cocaine into ____ INACTIVE metabolites, which can be detected 15-60 min after intacke! Also name the metabolites

A

Plasma 2 ecgonine methyl ester & Benzolecgonine

103
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine metabolism _____ cholinesterase metabolizes 10% of cocaine into ______, an ACTIVE metabolite that produce similar actions as cocaine

A

LIver norcocaine

104
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine metabolism Plasma cholinesterase deficiences results in greater liver cholinesterase metabolism whch can ______ the effects of cocaine and increase the risk of complications

A

Prolong

105
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine metabolism only 1-1.5% is cleared unmetabolized in the urine allowing ots detection only ___ hours after its use

A

3-6

106
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine Anesthesia considerations: although rare acute aortic dissection can occur, perhaps a consequence of abrupt, sever HTN, from ______ release

A

catecholamine

107
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine Anesthesia considerations: Why must you be careful with regional

A

Cocain induced thrombocytopenia can occur form cocaine use

108
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine Anesthesia considerations: why may HTN occur with regional

A

peripheral vasoconstriction

109
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine Anesthesia considerations: Regional Ephdrine resitant Hypotension may occur. what drug may correct this

A

Phenylephrine

110
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine GETA What drugs are contraindicated to treat Severe HTN an dCardiac arrhythmias

A 
		BBs
111
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine GETA why is hydralazine good for HTN in these ots?

A

vasodilation effects and decreased SVR (watch for tachycardia relfex)

112
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine GETA VAAs and especially _______ may produce arrhythmias

A

Halothane

113
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine GETA why is ketamine avoided

A

CNS stimulat effects- increases catecholamines

114
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine GETA why shoud etomidate be avoided

A

myoclonus seizures hyperreflexia

115
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine GETA what may happen to SCh duration and why?

A

prologation d/t depletion of cholinesterase by cocaine metabolism

116
Q

Illicit Drug Use: Cocaine GETA what drug may delay cocain induced seizure activity and increase the cumulative doses of cocaine necessary to produce seizures

A

Dexmedetomidine

BIOSCIENCE II FROM JOSH N (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions