Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3 - Respiratory > deck_1374064 > Flashcards

deck_1374064 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the surface structure of the lungs

A

○ An apex ○ Three surfaces: a costal surface, a diaphragmatic surface and a mediastinal surface ○ Three borders § Anterior, inferior, posterior ○ A base ○ Lobes § Two (left lung) or three (right lung) § Created by one or two fissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the oblique fissure in the right lung?

A

• Separates the right upper and middle lobes from the lower lobe of the right lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the oblique fissure in the left lung?

A

Separates the upper and lower lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the horizontal fissure in the right lung?

A

• Separates the right upper and middle lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What extends into the fissures of the lungs?

A

The visceral pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do the lungs receive nervous supply from?

A

• The vagi and sympathetic trunk via the pulmonary plexuses, situated in the hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What enters the lung through the hilum

A

• Pulmonary arteries and veins• Bronchial arteries and veins• Nerves• Lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the hilum of the lung?

A

A wedge shaped area on the mediastinal surface of each lung through which structures forming the roots of the lung pass to enter or exit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the roots of the lung consist of?

A

• Bronchi• Pulmonary arteries• Superior and inferior pulmonary veins• Pulmonary plexus of nerves• Lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

• The central compartment of the thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mediastinum covered by?

A

• Mediastinal plueura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the mediastinum extend to and from?

A

• Superior thoracic arpeture to the diaphragm• Sternum and costal cartilages anteriorly to the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What two sections is the mediastinum divided into?

A

• Superior and inferior parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the superior mediastinum extend to and from?

A

• Superior thoracic aperture to the transverse thoracic plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the transverse thoracic plane?

A

• Horizontal plane that includes the sternal angle anteriorly and passes approximately through the junction of T4 and T5 posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does the inferior mediastinum extend to and from?

A

• Transverse thoracic plane to the diaphragm• Further subdivided by the pericardium ○ Anterior ○ MiddlePosterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give one structure which lies in more than one compartment of the mediastinum

A

Oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where do the pulmonary arteries carry mixed venous blood?

A

• From the right ventricle for gas exchange at the alveoli

19
Q

What does the main pulmonary artery divide into?

A

The right and left pulmonary arteries

20
Q

What structure do the pulmonary arteries divide with?

A

The bronchial tree

21
Q

What do the pulmonary arteries supply?

A

• The alveoli only

22
Q

Are there any anastamoses between bronchial and pulmonary arteries?

A

Yes, at pre capillary and capillary level

23
Q

How does the path of the pulmonary veins differ from that of the pulmonary arteries?

A

• Do not follow divisions of bronchi• Tend to run into intersegmental septa

24
Q

How many pulmonary veins leave each hilum?

A

• Two

25
Q

What is the name of the two lymphatic plexi that drain the lungs?

A

• Subpleural lymphatic plexusDeep bronchopulmonary lymphatic plexus

26
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A dome shaped muscle which divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

27
Q

Why is the large size of the diaphragm clinically important, as pertaining to the position of other organs?

A

• Means kidneys, liver, spleen, parts of the stomach and upper kidneys lie in the abdominal cavity and are covered by the ribs• Lower chest injuries significant

28
Q

Outline the structure of the diaphragm

A

• A peripheral muscular part and a central tendon

29
Q

What is the peripheral muscular part of the diaphragm made up of?

A

• The crura tendons which arise from L1-L3• Arcuate ligaments, which are thickening of the fascia

30
Q

What are the three parts of the diaphragm?

A

• Vertebral arising from the crura and acruate ligaments• Costal part arising from inner aspects of 7-12 costal cartilageSternal part arising from deep surface of xiphissternum

31
Q

What happens if you have cervical spinal damage from C2 downwards

A

• Severs link to phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5), so lose function of the diaphgragm

32
Q

What is the phrenic nerve sensory for?

A

• Both surfaces of diaphragm• Medialstinal part of the pleura • Diaphragmatic part of the parietal pleura

33
Q

What are the three parts of the thoracic cavity?

A

• Two lateral pulmonary cavities and one central compartment - the mediastinum

34
Q

What compartments is the mediastinum divided up into?

A

• Superior• Middle• Posterior Inferior

35
Q

What is the purpose of the parietal pleura?

A

• Secretes fluid, which sticks it to the visceral pleuraThis means everything moves at once

36
Q

What proportion of chest expansion is done by the diaphragm?

A

70%

37
Q

What proportion of chest expansion is governed by the chest wall?

A

30%

38
Q

What does inspiration involve?

A

• Elevation of external intercostal muscles

39
Q

What does inspiration result in?

A

• Increase in transverse diameter of thoracic cavity• In the A=P diameter of thoracic cavity• Increase in vertical dimension

40
Q

What occurs in expiration?

A

• In quiet respiration it simply relaxes elastic of chest wall and lungsIn forced expiration, internal and innermost intercostal muscle and abdominal muscle are used

41
Q

What muscles are used in quiet inhalation?

A

• Diaphragm • External intercostals

42
Q

What muscles does forced inhalation involve? (6)

A

• Diaphragm• External Intercostals• Scalene• Pectoralis Minor• SternocleidomastoidSerratus Anterior

43
Q

What muscles does forced exhalation involve?

A

• Internal intercostals• Innermost intercostals• Abdominal muscles

3 - Respiratory (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions