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Surg recall > deck_1106041 > Flashcards

deck_1106041 Flashcards

2
Q

What is afferent loop syndrome?

A

Obstruction of the afferent loop of a Billroth II gastrojejunostomy

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3
Q

What does ARDS stand for and what’s the pathophys?

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (poor oxygenation caused by leaky capillaries)

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4
Q

What is blind loop syndrome?

A

Bacterial overgrowth of intestine caused by stasis

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5
Q

What is Boerhaave’s syndrome?

A

Esophageal perforation

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6
Q

What is Budd-Chiari syndrome?

A

Thrombosis of hepatic veins

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7
Q

What is carcinoid syndrome?

A

“B FDR”1)Bronchospasm2)Flushing3)Diarrhea4)R-sided HF

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8
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Compartmental HTN caused by edema, resulting in muscle necrosis of the lower extremity, seen in the calf; pt may have a distal pulse

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9
Q

What is Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Excessive cortisol production

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10
Q

What is dumping syndrome?

A

Delivery of a large amt of hyperosmolar chyme into the small bowel, usually after vagotomy and a gastric drainage procedure (pyloroplasty/gastrojejunostomy); results in autonomic instability, abdominal pain, and diarrhea

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11
Q

What is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome?

A

Perihepatic gonorrheal infection

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12
Q

What is Gardener’s syndrome?

A

GI polyps and associated findings of Sebaceous cysts, Osteomas, and Desmoid tumors (SOD); polyps have high malignancy potential

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13
Q

What is HITT syndrome?

A

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenic Thrombosis syndrome: Heparin-induced plt ab’s cause plt’s to thrombose vessels, often resulting in loss of limb or life (aka, “white clot syndrome”)

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14
Q

What is Leriche’s syndrome?

A

CIA: Claudication of buttocks, thighs, Impotence, Atrophy of legs (seen w/ iliac occlusive disease)

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15
Q

What is Mallory-Weiss syndrome?

A

Post emesis/retching tears in the gastric mucosa (near gastroesophageal junction)

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16
Q

What is Mendelson’s syndrome?

A

Chemical pneumonitis after aspiration of gastric contents

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17
Q

What is Mirizzi’s syndrome?

A

Extrinsic obstruction of the common hepatic duct from a cystic duct gallstone

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18
Q

What is Munchausen syndrome?

A

Self-induced illness

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19
Q

What is Ogilvie’s syndrome?

A

Massive nonobstructive colonic dilation

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20
Q

What is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?

A

Benign GI polyps and buccal pigmentation

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21
Q

What is Plummer-Vinson syndrome?

A

Syndrome of:1)Esophageal web2)Iron-deficiency anemia3)Dysphagia4)Spoon-shaped nails5)Atrophic oral and tongue mucosa(usually in elderly women; 10% develop SCC)

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22
Q

What is RED reaction syndrome?

A

Syndrome of rapid vancomycin infusion, resulting in skin erythema

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23
Q

What is refeeding syndrome?

A

Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypophosphatemia after refeeding a starved pt

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24
Q

What is Rendu-Osler-Weber (ROW) syndrome?

A

Syndrome of GI tract Telengiectasia/A-V malformations

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25
Q

What is short-gut syndrome?

A

Malnutrition resulting from less than 100cm of viable small bowel

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26
Q

What is another name for Sipple’s syndrome?

A

MEN II

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27
Q

What is superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome?

A

Obstruction of the SVC (eg, by a tumor, thrombosis)

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28
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Compression of the structures exiting from the thoracic outlet

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29
Q

What is the Tietze’s syndrome?

A

Costochondritis of rib cartilage; aseptic (tx w/ NSAIDs)

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30
Q

What is toxic shock syndrome?

A

S.aureus toxin-induced syndrome marked by fever, hypotension, organ failure, and rash (desquamation – esp palm and soles)

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31
Q

What is Trousseau’s syndrome?

A

Syndrome of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) associated w/ carcinoma

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32
Q

What is another name for Wermer’s syndrome?

A

MEN I

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33
Q

What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

Gastrinoma and PUD

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34
Q

What is the mc indication for surgery w/ Crohn’s disease?

A

Small bowel obstruciton (SBO)

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35
Q

What is the mc type of melanoma?

A

Superficial spreading

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36
Q

What is the mc breast cancer?

A

Infiltrating ductal

37
Q

What is the mc site of breast cancer?

A

Upper outer quadrant

38
Q

What is the mc vessel involved w/ a bleeding duodenal ulcer?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

39
Q

What is the mc cause of common bile duct obstruction?

A

Choledocolithiasis

40
Q

What is the mc cause cholangitis?

A

Bile duct obstruction resulting from choledocolithiasis

41
Q

What is the mc cause of pancreatitis?

A

EtOH

42
Q

What is the mc bacteria in stool?

A

B.frag (Bacteroides fragiles)

43
Q

What is the mc cause of SBO in adults in the US?

A

Adhesions

44
Q

What is the mc cause of SBO in children?

A

Hernias

45
Q

What is the mc cause of emergency abdominal surgery in the US?

A

Acute appendicitis

46
Q

What is the mc site of GI carcinoids?

A

Appendix

47
Q

What is the mc AXR finding w/ SBO?

A

Air-fluid levels

48
Q

What is the mc electrolyte deficiency causing ileus?

A

Hypokalemia

49
Q

What is the mc cause of transfusion hemolysis?

A

Clerical error

50
Q

What is the mc cause of blood transfusion resulting in death?

A

Clerical error (wrong blood types)

51
Q

What is the mc site of distant metastasis of sarcoma?

A

Lungs

52
Q

What is the mc cause of shock in a surgical pt?

A

Hypovolemia

53
Q

What is the mc cause of esophageal perforation?

A

Iatrogenic

54
Q

What is the mc position of anal fissure?

A

Posterior

55
Q

What is the mc cause of large bowel obstruction?

A

Colon cancer

56
Q

What is the mc type of colonic volvulus?

A

Sigmoid volvulus

57
Q

What is the mc cause of fever <48hrs post-op?

A

Atelectasis

58
Q

What is the mc bacterial cause of UTI?

A

E.coli

59
Q

What is the mc CXR finding w/ traumatic thoracic aortic injury?

A

Widened mediastinum

60
Q

What is the mc abdominal organ injured in blunt abdominal trauma?

A

Spleen

61
Q

What is the mc abdominal organ injured in penetrating abdominal trauma?

A

Small bowel

62
Q

What is the mc benign tumor of the liver?

A

Hemangioma

63
Q

What is the mc malignancy of the liver?

A

Mets

64
Q

What is the mc PNA in the ICU?

A

Gram-negative bacteria

65
Q

What is the mc cause of epidural hematoma?

A

Middle meningeal artery injury

66
Q

What is the mc cause of lower GI bleeding?

A

Upper GI bleeding

67
Q

What is the mc hernia?

A

Inguinal hernia (right>left)

68
Q

What is the mc cause of esophageal laceration?

A

Iatrogenic instrumentation (eg, EGD=esophagogastroduodenoscopy)

69
Q

When can a pt eat prior to major surgery?

A

Pt should be NPO after midnight the night before or at least for 8hrs before surgery

70
Q

What risks should be discussed with all pts and documented on the consent form for a surgical procedure?

A

Bleeding, infection, anesthesia; other risks are specific to the individual procedure

71
Q

If a pt is on antihypertensives, should the pt take them on the day of the procedure?

A

Yes (remember clonidine “rebound”)

72
Q

If a pt is on an oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA), should the pt take it on the day of the surgery?

A

Not if the pt is to be NPO on the day of the surgery

73
Q

If a pt is taking insulin, should the pt take it on the day of the surgery?

A

No, only half of a long-acting insulin and start D5 NS IV; check glucose levels often preoperatively, operatively, and postoperatively

74
Q

Should a pt who smokes cigarettes stop before an operation?

A

Yes, improvement is seen in just 2 to 4 wks after smoking cessation

75
Q

What laboratory test must all women of childbearing age have before entering the OR?

A

bHCG and CBC bc of the possibility of pregnancy and anemia from menses

76
Q

What preoperative procedure should be performed before colon surgery?

A

Bowel prep with colon cathartic (goLYTELY), oral ABXs (neomycin and erythromycin base), and IV ABX before incision

77
Q

What pre-op medication can decrease post-op cardiac events and death?

A

Beta-blockers

78
Q

What must you always order pre-op for your pt undergoing a major operation?

A

-NPO/IVF-Pre-op ABXs-Type and cross blood (PRBCs)

79
Q

Define the following procedure: Billroth I

A

Antrectomy w/ gastroduodenostomy

80
Q

Define the following procedure: Billroth II

A

Antrectomy w/ gastrojejunostomy

81
Q

Define the following procedure: Roux-en-Y limb

A

Jejunojejunostomy forming a Y-shaped figure of small bowel; the free end can then be anastomosed to a second hollow structure (eg, gastrojejunosomty)

82
Q

Define the following procedure: Brooke ileostomy

A

Standard ileostomy that is folded on itself to protrude from the abdomen approximately 2cm to allow easy appliance placement and collection of succus

83
Q

Define the following procedure: CEA

A

CarotidEndArterectomy; removal of atherosclerotic plaque from a carotid artery

84
Q

Define the following procedure: Bassini herniorrhapy

A

Repair of inguinal hernia by approximating transversus abdominis aponeurosis and the conjoint tendon to the reflection of Poupart’s (inguinal) ligament

85
Q

Define the following procedure: McVay herniorrhaphy

A

Repair of inguinal hernia by approximating the transversus abdominis aponeurosis and the conjoint tendon to the Cooper’s ligament (which is basically the superioir pubic bone periosteum)

86
Q

Define the following procedure: Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy

A

“Tension-free” inguinal hernia repair using onlay mesh (synthetic graft material)

87
Q

Define the following procedure: Shouldice herniorrhaphy

A

Repair of inguinal hernia by imbrication of the transversalis fascia, transversus abdominis aponeurosis, and the conjoint tendon and approximation of the transversus abdominis aponeurosis and the conjoint tendon to the inguinal ligament

Surg recall (1 decks)

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