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Physical Education > Deck1 > Flashcards

Deck1 Flashcards

1
Q

physical education

A

part of the total educational program that contributes, primarily through physical activity, to the total growth and development of all children. It is an instructional program that addresses all learning domains: psychomotor, cognitive, and affective

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2
Q

Title IX

A

rules out separation of the sexes and requires all offerings to be coeducational. The law is based on the principle that school activities and programs are of equal value for both sexes and that students should not be denied access to participation on the basis of gender

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3
Q

Public Law 94-142

A

mandates that all children have the right to a free and public education and that they must be educated in the least restrictive educational environment possible

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4
Q

IDEA

A

1990 amendment|objective of providing handicapped individuals with the least restrictive environment in the school setting

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5
Q

Mainstreaming

A

the practice of placing children with disabilities into classrooms with able children

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6
Q

individualized educational program (IEP)

A

PL 101-476 also mandates that each such student receive a specific learning program

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7
Q

Child Nutrition and WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) Reauthorization Act of 2004

A

the U.S. Congress required that, by the start of the 2006-07 school year, all school districts with a federally funded school meals program must develop and implement wellness policies addressing nutrition and physical activity

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8
Q

Wellness

A

a broader concept than physical fitness—it is a dynamic state of well-being that implies living fully and deriving the most from life

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9
Q

Learning strategies

A

An activity or experience that teachers use to interpret, illustrate, or facilitate learning. They make content and objectives come alive

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10
Q

factors affecting learning strategies

A

select ones that contribute to total learning|the more complex the concept, the more activities are needed to develop the concept|begin with simple and move to the more complex|include audiovisual aids whenever possible

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11
Q

visual learner

A

may think in pictures and learn best from diagrams, PowerPoints, videos, and handouts. | often prefer to take detailed notes to absorb information and they generally do better on written tests than oral tests.

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12
Q

auditory learner

A

learns best through lectures, discussions, and listening to what other students have to say. Written information may have little meaning until it is heard or spoken

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13
Q

kinesthetic learner

A

is one that learns best through doing, by touching an object, or replicating an action. They may struggle to learn by reading or listening, but will usually perform well in things such as experiments, physical activity, art, and acting

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14
Q

Stability

A

reflects balance and equilibrium, which affect the performance of many sport skills. |_____ base is necessary when one applies force to or absorbs force from a projectile

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15
Q

Force

A

a measure of the push or pull that one object or body applies to another|is necessary to move objects of various types and sizes

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16
Q

Levers

A

offer a mechanical advantage so that less effort is needed to accomplish tasks

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17
Q

Motion

A

occurs after force has been applied or when force is absorbed

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18
Q

lesson plan

A

objectives|equipment required|instructional activities|teaching hints

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19
Q

Characteristics of a quality lesson

A

High level of student engagement|Enthusiastic and actively involved teacher|Well-planned lessons & high expectations|Majority of time used for learning and practice|Minimal management and transition time|Success-oriented and caring climate|Clear objectives and information feedback|Regular evaluation of performance

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20
Q

Design measurable student outcomes

A

Outcomes must define observable behavior|Objectives must identify clearly and specifically the content to be learned.

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21
Q

Measurable outcome example (psychomotor)

A

The student will demonstrate four ways to perform forward roll|Using a jump rope, the student will be able to perform three consecutive forward crossover moves

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22
Q

Measurable outcome example (cognitive)

A

The student will show an understanding of soccer rules by explaining when a corner kick is awarded|The student will demonstrate knowledge and understanding of rhythmic gymnastic routines by diagramming a sample floor routine for balls

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23
Q

Measurable outcome example (affective)

A

After participating in physical activity, the students will be able to express their personal satisfaction in their accomplishments|The students will be able to share how they feel about participating in physical activities with friends

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24
Q

Anticipatory set

A

is a technique designed to focus students on an upcoming instructional concept and segue to the next portion of the lesson. Use to “mentally warm up” a class|are most effective when they tie into students’ past learning experiences|Ex) “ask question, briefly allow time for thinking and discussion”

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25
Space
STEPS model|Alter the activity space|Lower baskets|Increase or decrease goal size|Move shooting lines forward or backward|Decrease size of field
26
Task
STEPS model|Modify rules|Allow more bounces in games like tennis or volleyball|Change position roles|Change speed of movement
27
Equipment
STEPS model|Use larger or smaller equipment|Change the weight of the equipment
28
People
STEPS model|Change the size of teams|Alter teams often|Use small-sided games and switch team matchups often
29
Safety
STEPS model|Always ensure activity modifications maintain high levels of safety for all students
30
physical fitness
a set of attributes that people have or achieve relating to their ability to perform physical activity
31
Skill-related fitness
Balance|Agility|Speed|Coordination|power
32
Health-related fitness
Cardiovascular fitness|Body composition|Flexibility|Muscular strength and endurance
33
Aerobic capacity
the ability of the heart, the blood vessels, and the respiratory system to deliver oxygen efficiently for an extended time
34
Body composition
the proportion of body fat to lean body mass
35
Flexibility
the range of movement through which a joint or sequence of joints can move
36
Muscular strength
ability of muscles to exert force
37
Muscular endurance
the ability to exert force over an extended period
38
Agility
refers to the body's ability to change position rapidly and accurately while moving in space (wrestling and football)
39
Balance
the body's ability to maintain a state of equilibrium while either stationary or moving (gymnastics)
40
Coordination
the body's ability to perform more than one motor task at a time (football, baseball, tennis, soccer, and other sports that require hand-eye and foot-eye skills)
41
Power
the ability to transfer energy explosively into force
42
Speed
the body's ability to move rapidly
43
Nutrients
the substances in food needed to support life functions
44
kilocalorie (or Calorie)
the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree Celsius
45
Basal metabolism
the minimum amount of energy required by the body to maintain essential body functions (e.g., to maintain a normal body temperature, muscle tone, respiration) when at rest.
46
Carbohydrates
are either simple sugars, derived from such foods as sugar and honey, or more complex compounds, derived from such foods as cereals and potatoes.
47
Monosaccharides (carbohydrates)
glucose, galactose (found in human breast milk), and fructose, all of which are found in fruits and honey
48
Disaccharides (carbohydrates)
sucrose (a combination of glucose and fructose found in table sugar, bananas, green peas, and sweet potatoes), lactose (a combination of glucose and galactose found in milk and milk products), and maltose (a combination of two glucoses used in candy flavor and brewing beer)
49
Lactose intolerance
undigested lactose is not absorbed and remains in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in bloating, a large amount of gas, and abdominal cramping
50
Polysaccharides (carbohydrates)
are composed of many monosaccharide molecules and are categorized as: (1) glycogen (which is synthesized in the liver and muscles and serves as a reserve source of blood glucose), (2) cellulose (found in many vegetables but indigestible by humans), and (3) starch (found in plant seeds, cereal grains, and some vegetables)
51
Carbohydrates
are important in a child's diet and should comprise approximately 60 percent of total caloric intake
52
Dietary fiber
a generic term for non-digestible carbohydrates (including cellulose, lignin, and pectin) found in plants; it has important health benefits in childhood, especially in promoting normal laxation (bowel movements)
53
Protein
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can take place, without it. A molecule is composed of smaller structures called amino acids
54
Essential amino acids
(Eight total) must be provided by the diet
55
Nonessential amino acids
are synthesized by the body
56
complementary protein ingestion
a dietary strategy that ensures that each food supplies some amino acids that the others lack (ex. Vegetarian diet)
57
Lipids
organic compounds that do not readily dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they are classified into triglycerides (more commonly known as fats), phospholipids, and sterols
58
triglycerides
provides much of the stored energy of the body|commonly called fats and oils
59
fats
solid at room temperature
60
oils
liquid at room temperature
61
saturated fatty acid
has the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms attached to every carbon atom, so it is said to be saturated with hydrogen atoms; there are only single bonds between the carbon atoms|mostly found in foods of animal origin such as animal fat, beef, butter, chicken eggs, and whole milk
62
monounsaturated fatty acid
only one pair of hydrogen atoms is missing|Olive and canola oils are particularly high in this
63
polyunsaturated fatty acid
more than one pair of hydrogen atoms is missing|most other vegetable oils (not olive or canola), nuts, and high-fat fish are sources
64
Trans fatty acids
by-products of partial hydrogenation, a process by which some of the missing hydrogen atoms are put back into polyunsaturated fats during food processing
65
Lipoproteins
large molecules of fat and protein through which Cholesterol is transported in the bloodstream
66
LDL cholesterol
A high level in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart attack|"Bad cholesterol"
67
HDL cholesterol
an elevated level seems to have a protective effect against heart disease|"good" cholesterol
68
major minerals
needed by the body|calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride, and magnesium
69
Trace minerals
required in lesser amounts, and |include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
70
oxidation reactions
In our bodies, the energy-yielding reactions within cells|either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge particle, an electron
71
Free radical
(oxidant) Any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron
72
Antioxidants
act as scavengers by binding to free radicals, thus preventing them from causing damage
73
Undernutrition
implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the person is consuming more than enough calories
74
malnutrition
(an imbalance of proper nutrients) due to undernutrition is most likely to occur in infants, children, and adolescents, when nutritional requirements for tissue growth and development are high
75
Purpose of cooperative activites
allow students to apply a variety of fundamental motor skills in a unique setting|teach children personal and social skills necessary to function in daily life
76
Teaching cooperative activites
Set the stage|Facilitate|debrief
77
Cooperation
involves two or more children working together to achieve a common goal.
78
Competition
is characterized by opponents working against each other as each person tries to reach a goal or reward

Physical Education (2 decks)

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