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Soc C2 73 > Deck1 > Flashcards

Deck1 Flashcards

1
Q

functionalist perspective

A

society is one unit made up of connecting parts

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2
Q

What are 2 compontents of functionalism, define

A

Structure - how parts fit to make the whole

Function - what each part does, how it contributes to whole

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3
Q

Robert Merton study

A 
function - beneficial consequences
dysfunction - harmful consequences
manifest functions - stated consequences
latent functions - unconscious consequences
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4
Q

conflict perspective

A

Karl Marx
society constantly generates inequality
social behavior understood in terms of tension among competing groups

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5
Q

Symbolic Interactionist perspective

A

George Herbert Mead

any communication, spoken, written, gestures, images, etc is a social interaction

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6
Q

feminist perspective

A

inequality between sexes

seeks to eliminate inequality between sexes

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7
Q

steps in research process

A 
ask question
background research
construct hypothesis
collect data
analyze data
report results
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8
Q

types of research methods

A

survey - questionnaire
experiment - controlled conditions, experimental group, control group
field research - direct observation, participant observation
secondary analysis - analyze existing data
content analysis - analyze cultural artifacts/communication forms

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9
Q

2 types of variables

A

dependent - variable expected to change

independent - possible cause of change

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10
Q

operational definition

A

metric for a variable

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11
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

subjects behavior changes because they know they’re being observed

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12
Q

IRB

A

Institutional review board

approves research after ethical review

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13
Q

aspects of participant care

A

informed consent
exploitation
confidentiality

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14
Q

aspect of research integrity

A

accurate reporting
plagiarism
expertise
conflict of interest

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15
Q

functionalist perspective on incarceration

A

compensate for failure of other institutions
negative sanction
rehabilitation

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16
Q

conflict perspective on incarceration

A

product of inequality
masks effects of poverty
houses unemployed

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17
Q

symbolic interaction perspective on incarceration

A

creates criminal identity

barriers to becoming law abiding citizen

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18
Q

Emile Durkheim

A 
studied functionalist theory of deviance
deviance contributes to stability of society
- affirms norms
- unites a group
- inspires social change
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19
Q

Structural strain theory

A

Robert Merton
when people cannot reach socially accepted goals through legitimate means
leads to deviance

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20
Q

five part typology of deviance

A 
Conformity - accept goals and means
ritualism - reject goals, accept means
retreatism - reject goals and means
innovation - accept goals, reject means
rebellion - new goals and means
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21
Q

conflict perspective on deviance

A

emphasis on unequal distribution of power

law works in interest of those with the most power

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22
Q

symbolic interactionist perspective on deviance

A

study deviance at micro level

interactions

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23
Q

labeling theory

A

symbolic interactionist theory on deviance

most important factor in creation of deviance is how an individual internalizes responses of others

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24
Q

differential association theory

A

symbolic interactionist theory on deviance

deviance is a behavior learned through interaction with others

25
Q

social bonding theory

A

symbolic interactionist theory on deviance
Walter Reckless, Travis Hirschi
all are tempted to commit deviant behavior, but don’t to stay attached to society

26
Q

4 components of social bonding theory

A

Attachment
Commitment
Involvement
Belief

27
Q

situational violence

A

argument escalates to violence
most common
women and men equal initiators

28
Q

intimate terrorism

A

abuser controls through violence and other forms
mostly male initiating
most likely to destroy a life

29
Q

violet resistance

A

violent backlash against intimate terrorism

not long lasting, turn to other coping means

30
Q

totemism

A

type of religion

connection between humans and nature, ie native American religions

31
Q

animism

A

type of religion

worship non human beings which have spirits

32
Q

cult

A

recently formed religion at odds with dominant society

formed around charismatic leader

33
Q

sect

A

originate from within a dominant religion
use evangelism
may grow into a church over time

34
Q

church

A

larger, national/international governing body, bureaucracy, leaders

35
Q

Beveridge Model

A

govt pays for and provides medical services

36
Q

Bismark Model

A

employers/employees pay taxes, health ins private

37
Q

national health insurance

A

govt pays private providers

38
Q

Comte

A

founder of sociology, wanted to improve society

39
Q

Positivism

A

using scientific method to test sociological theories

40
Q

Harriet Martineau

A

translated Comte into English

41
Q

Karl Marx

A

conflict perspective

42
Q

Herbert Spencer

A

founder of sociology, only wanted to understand society - social darwinism

43
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

functionalist perspective

44
Q

mechanical solidarity

A

connections based on similarity of beliefs

45
Q

organic solidarity

A

social bonds among people in cities

46
Q

Jane Addams

A

sympathetic knowledge - gained from interacting directly with groups being studied
founded ACLU

47
Q

Max Weber

A

studied modernization
believed in rationalization - rational motives for social action
Christianity reason for success of capitalism
focus on efficiency of bureaucracy - everyone has different hierarchical roles, allows large orgs to run smoothly

48
Q

Du Bois

A

double consciousness - identity fragmented into contradictory facets ie Black and American

49
Q

cultural relativism

A

no one culture is right or better than another

scholar must forget their own culture when studying another

50
Q

ethnocentrism

A

see your own culture at the best compared to other cultures

51
Q

looking glass self

A

Cooley
we judge ourselves based on what we think others think of us
We imagine how we appear to others
we imagine how others people judge us
we react to imagined judgement with pride or shame

52
Q

role strain

A

conflicting expectations within the same status

ie tell a friend they are wrong and support them

53
Q

role conflict

A

occupying two status at once

ie work for friend

54
Q

category

A

a number of people with something in common, but not necessarily a group

55
Q

homogamy

A

marriage between two people of similar sociological/educational background

56
Q

folkway

A

informal norm that don’t come with serious consequences when violated

57
Q

more

A

social norm that govern understanding of right and wrong

58
Q

3 categories of countries according to Wallerstein

A

Periphery - poorest; Africa, Central america, central asia
semi-periphery - some infrastructure
core - low poverty, industrialized economy

59
Q

Gini coefficient

A

measures income distribution

Soc C2 73 (1 decks)

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