deck test

Question 1

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 1

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Question 2

True or False: The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy of an isolated system always increases.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The formula for work done by a gas is ___ = P × ΔV.

Answer 3

W

Question 4

What does the symbol ‘Q’ represent in thermodynamics?

Answer 4

Heat transfer

Question 5

What is the formula for calculating the change in internal energy (ΔU)?

Answer 5

ΔU = Q - W

Question 6

Multiple choice: Which equation represents the ideal gas law? A) PV = nRT B) E = mc² C) F = ma

Answer 6

A) PV = nRT

Question 7

What is enthalpy (H) defined as?

Answer 7

H = U + PV

Question 8

True or False: The specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass by one degree.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the formula for calculating the efficiency (η) of a heat engine?

Answer 9

η = (W_out / Q_in) × 100%

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The third law of thermodynamics states that as temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches ___.

Answer 10

zero

Question 11

What does the term ‘adiabatic process’ mean?

Answer 11

A process in which no heat is exchanged with the surroundings.

Question 12

Multiple choice: Which of the following is not a thermodynamic state function? A) Temperature B) Heat C) Pressure

Answer 12

B) Heat

Question 13

What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy in thermodynamics?

Answer 13

Temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of particles.

Question 14

True or False: In a closed system, mass can enter or leave the system.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is the formula for calculating work done during an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas?

Answer 15

W = nRT ln(V_f / V_i)

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The Carnot cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that provides the maximum possible efficiency for a ___.

Answer 16

heat engine

Question 17

What does the term ‘thermal equilibrium’ mean?

Answer 17

A state where two objects in contact do not exchange heat.

Question 18

Multiple choice: Which of the following processes is exothermic? A) Melting ice B) Combustion of fuel C) Evaporation of water

Answer 18

B) Combustion of fuel

Question 19

What is the formula for the Gibbs free energy (G)?

Answer 19

G = H - TS

Question 20

True or False: The Clausius statement of the second law states that no process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a cooler to a hotter body.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the significance of absolute zero in thermodynamics?

Answer 21

It is the lowest possible temperature where molecular motion stops.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The heat capacity at constant volume is denoted as ___.

Answer 22

C_v

Question 23

What is the formula for calculating the change in entropy (ΔS)?

Answer 23

ΔS = Q_rev / T

Question 24

Multiple choice: Which law states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease? A) Zeroth Law B) First Law C) Second Law

Answer 24

C) Second Law

Question 25

What does the term ‘isothermal process’ refer to?

Answer 25

A process in which the temperature remains constant.

Question 26

True or False: The heat engine converts thermal energy into mechanical work.

Answer 26

True