DECK PT b

Question 1

Q. Describe the presentation of Guillian Bare syndrome? Ix? Tx?

Answer 1

A. Acute peripheral neuropathy – Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in peripheral NS

B. EBV, cytomegalovirus (herpes) CMV, HIV, campylobacter jejuni, mycoplasma

C. Presentation: Ascending muscle weakness following illness (symmetrical), can be motor and

sensory “walking on rubber”, reflexes lost early, may involve facial and resp muscles

D. Autonomic factures: postural hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, ileus and bladder atony

E. Miler Fisher syndrome - variant that affects CN to eye muscles - ophthalmoplegia and ataxia

F. Ix: LP: increased protein, WCC normal, nerve conduction studies - slowing

G. Tx: recovery without specific symptoms, NO STEROIDS

Question 2

20. Q. Name 4 causes of peripheral neuropathy

Answer 2

A. DAVID, diabetes, alcohol, vitamin deficiency B12, infective (GB), drugs (isoniazid)

Question 3

Q. Name 2 bacterial and 2 viral causes of meningitis, Ix? Tx?

Answer 3

A. Viral: EBV, herpes simplex, echovirus, mumps

B. Bacterial: strep pneumoniae (gram +ve cocci, most common), neisseria meningitidis (gram -ve,

diplococcus, Worse prognosis), listeria monocytogene (gram +ve, rod)

C. Ix: LP

D. Tx: IV cefotaxime – contacts rifampicin

Question 4

Q. What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

Answer 4

A. GABA, (glycine)

Question 5

Q. What neurotransmitter is used at all skeletal neuromuscular junctions?

Answer 5

A. Acetylcholine

Question 6

Q. What neurotransmitter is used at autonomic junctions? (Symp, PS)

Answer 6

A. Symp = noradrenaline and adrenaline

B. Parasym = acetylcholine

Question 7

Q. What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

Answer 7

A. Glutamate

Question 8

Q. What are the main modulatory neurotransmitters in the CNS?

Answer 8

A. Serotinin 5-HT, dopamine, noradrenaline etc - these work in a slower manner and modulate fast

transmission

B. (Ach, GLU< GABA are fast neurotransmitters – short term effect)

Question 9

Q. Name four gial cells, what are their functions?

Answer 9

A. Astrocytes: regulate BBB (most common brain tumour origin)

B. Oligodendrocytes: produce myelin sheath (2nd most common brain tumour origin) → MS

C. Ependymal cells: provides barrier between CFS and brain

D. Microglia: CNS macrophages

E. Polydendrocytes/NG2+ glia