Deck Part 2 Flashcards
Liquid chlorine piping systems must be closed because if moisture enters the system, it readily mixes with chlorine and forms ______, which will ______ the pipes, valves, joints, and fittings
Hydrochloric Acid
Corrode
What can cause a false positive chlorine residual reading when performing the DPD method
Precipitate
Care should be taken to prevent sharp bends in copper tubing because this will _____ and eventually the tuning will ______.
Weaken it
Start leaking
Why do you not use wrenches longer than 6”, pipe wrenches, or wrenches with an extension to open chlorine container valves?
You could exert too much force and break the valve
What should be done to the water supply pump when the hypochlorinator is shut down
Turn water supply pump off
How can provisions be made to allow recreation on water supply lakes and reservoirs without endangering water quality?
Proper construction and location of recreational facilities such as boat ramp launching, boat harbors, picnic and camping areas, fishing, and open beach areas away from the intake area
Multi-level intake facilities (opening at several depths) because water can be drawn from depth where algal growths are not prevalent
What is stratification in lakes and reservoirs
Formations of separated layers of temperature, plant life, or animal life
What problem can develop as transmission and storage facilities become older
*Gradual deterioration in protection against corrosion may lead to water quality problems
*Ruptures and leaks in piping become more frequent
*Older pipes and facilities might have been poorly constructed when installed and perhaps had little or no protective coating even when new
How is water affected by length of time it remains in a dist. system
The longer the water is in the system, the more time is available for chemical and biological changes to take place
What problems can be caused by low flows
1) changes in water velocity and flows reversals can result in sediments being stirred p and carried along until they reach the consumer
2) low circulation and stagnant water can result in growth of organisms, formation of sediments and corrosion products, depletion of O2, and increased tastes and odors
3) turbulence can entrain air into the supply causing milky water, which is objectionable to consumers
What impacts does water temp have on distribution systems water quality
*higher temps tend to speed the rate of chem reactions and increase biological growth rates
*biological decomposition may be intensified by summer temps
*chlorine demands may be considerably greater so residuals will not carry as for in the dis system in the summer
Which form of chlorine is most effective against biofilms
Chlorine is the most powerful disinfectant
Chloramines is most effective because the are more persistent in a dist system and will eventually penetrate farther into the system for a longer time
Slime growths can cause what problems in dist systems
Tastes and odors can be produced by slime growths of organisms that thrive on ammonia, iron, sulfide, and methane
Development of the iron bacteria, crenothrix result slime growth
Results in consumer complaints and accelerated corrosion and reduced flow from greater turbulence along the pipe well
What is the stopping sight distance
The length of roadway ahead that is visible to the driver. Should be sufficiently long to enable a driver to stop before reaching a stationary object ahead
What is the total stopping distance
The total minimum distance a vehicle will travel, under ideal conditions, with good brakes, and at various speeds, as a driver perceives a road hazard, reacts to the hazard, applies the breaks, and comes to a complete stop
What distance variables affect actual vehicle stopping distance
Perception distance
Reaction distance
Braking distance
Total stopping distance
List 2 very important aspects of a safety program
- Making people aware of unsafe acts
- Conducting or participating in regular safety training programs
What is an accident
is that occurrence in a sequence of events that usually produce unintended injury, death, or prop damage. They do not just happen, they are caused
What are management’s responsibilities for safety?
Set the tone and provide the training and funding for an effective safety program.
*Establish a safety program
*Assign responsibility for accident prevention
*Appoint a safety officer or coordinator
*Establish realistic goals and periodically revise them to ensure continuous and max effort
*Evaluate the result of the program
What are the operator’s responsibilities of safety?
*Perform their jobs in accordance with established safe procedures.
*Recognize the responsibility for their own safety and that of fellow operators
*Report all injuries
*Report all Hazards
*Actively participates in the safety program
List the principal reasons for unsafe acts
*Ignorance
*Indifference - know better but dont care
*Poor work habits
*Laziness
*Haste
*Poor physical condition
*Poor attitude
What problems are caused by haste?
When we rush, we work too fast to think about what we are doing; we take dangerous shortcuts, and we are more likely to be injured
What is a tailgate safety session?
Consists of a small group of operators gathered around the tailgate of a pickup or truck to discuss safety. Held near the worksite and new/old safety hazards and safe approaches or techniques to deal with the problems of the day or week are discussed.
How can you determine if the brakes on a vehicle are working properly?
Should be able to stop your vehicle without grabbing or pulling to one side
List the items that should be inspected before towing a trailer
*Rear, turn signal, and brake lights
*Tire treads and inflation
*Wheel attachment - check lug nuts
*Trailer brake operation if equipped w/brakes
*Trailer hitch and tongue
*Safety chain. After the trailer is coupled, the safety chain should be securely attached to the frame of the towing vehicle with enough slack to allow jackknifing, but not enough to drag on the ground
Why should all cigarettes and flames be put out before attaching cables to charge a battery?
A spark can ignite the hydrogen gas from the battery fluid
Lis the safety practices from using boats
Used for - sampling, surveying, or inspecting reservoirs
*All boats should have safety vest for each occupant or floatation cushion
*Should be oar locks for the oars should be suitable length
*Should not be loaded in excess of loading capasity
List the typical locations in a water utility where it is necessary to monitor the atmosphere before entering
Underground regulator vaults
Solution Vaults
Manholes
Tanks
Trenches
Other Confined spaces
What are the responsibilities of the back up person during a confined space entry
Should check continuously on the status of personnel working in the confined space
what are the safety responsibities of the well operator?
Preserve the quality of the well through preventative maintenance of the area where the well is located
How is contaminated water or debris kept from entering around the well casing and reaching the groundwater?
Well casing vents should be constructed so that the openings are in a vertical downward position. Min of 36in in height and above the finished surface of the well lot (and should be covered with a fine mesh or device to exclude small insects from the inside of the well)
List the surface openings on top of a well that must be protected so that surface water or foreign matter does not enter the well.
*Gravel tubes
*Sounding tubes
*Pipe vents
*Sounding lines
*Gravel fill pipes
*All conduit at pen. casing - water tight
*Pump motor base seal - water tight
Why must hydrochloric acid be handled carefully?
*The pH is around 1.0 - very corrosive
*Inhalation of fumes can cause coughing, choking, and inflammation of the entire respiratory tract
*Swallowing even a small amount can cause corrosion of mucous membranes, esophagus, and stomach
What are the advantages of using sulfamic acid over hydrochloric acid to clean a well?
May be used in granular form or an acid solution mixed at site
Granular form is nonirritating to dry skin and its solution gives off no fumes except when reacting with incrusting materials
rubber gloves should still be used
What safety precautions should be used when working with sulfamic acid in the granular form?
*Rubber gloves
*Safety glasses - preferred face shield
What protective clothing should be worn when handling hypochlorite?
*Rubber gloves 15-18in long
*Rubber boots
*Face shield
*Wear a NIOSH approved dust mask
How should glassy phosphate be handled?
Use heavy-duty gloves
Respiration equipment or face shields
If no one working for a water utility is knowledgeable about electric circuits, how can a water utility have a malfunctioning electrical system repaired?
Water utility should contact an electrician from a local electrical firm
List the items that should be included in the safety inspection of a well site
Cleanliness of the site
Locks on electrical panels
Condition of fencing around the site
Caution/Warning signs are in place where necessary
What are the uses of pumps?
*An apparatus or machine that forces liquids, air, or gas into or out of things
*A machine that increases the static pressure of fluid (air and water)
*A device that adds energy to a fluid to move the fluid from one point to another
At what level is a mixture of air and gas considered hazardous?
If too much gas will not explode too much 02 will not explode
Any time a gas mixture exceeds 10% of the lower explosive limit, this is considered a hazardous condition
List as many items of protective clothing and equipment for operators as you can recall
Hard hat, ear plugs, safety glasses, safety goggles, face shield, respirators and masks, canvas gloves, rubber gloves, safety aprons, leggings or knee pads, safety toe caps, protective clothing, safety belt/harness
List the steps for safe lifting
Keep feet parted
Keep back straight
Tuck in chin
Grip object with whole hand
Tuck elbow and arms in
Keep body weight directly over feet
Lift slowly
How should liquids spilled on floors be cleaned up?
*Should be wiped up ASAP
*Catwalks or safety treads for floors that have spills often
*Use nonflammable absorbent material should be available for cleaning up
What precautions should be taken before working on electric motors
Lock out & tag all of the electrical switches before starting
Only the operator performing the work is allowed to remove a lockout tag out that he/she installed
What is a corrosive chemical?
Any chemical that may weaken, burn, or destroy a person’s skin or eyes
Who must be notified any time traffic may be affected by roadwork activities
Could be state, county, or local authorities, depending on whether it is a state, count, or local street.
What knowledge and experiences must an individual gain to become qualified to control traffic?
*A basic understanding of the principles of TTC in work zones
*Knowledge of the standards & guidelines governing TTC
*Adequate training in safe TTC practices
*Experience in apply TTC in work zones
Proper records must be kept of which types of TTC activities?
Starting and end times
Location
Names of personnel involved
TTCs used
When water distribution system work is planned for nighttime hours, what modifications of the TTCs should be considered to adequately control traffic through the work zone?
Adequately control traffic through work zone
*Additional warning lights to TTC devices and signs
*Use retro reflective signs
*Use larger more reflective devices
*Additional reflective devices to work vehicles typically used
Most TTC zones are divided into which 4 areas?
Advanced warning area
Transition area
Activity area
Termination area
What is the purpose of the transition area of the TTC zone and how is this area usually designated?
*The section of highway where road users are redirected out of their normal path
*Transition areas usually involve strategic use of tapers
List the moving parts on a pump that require guards
Rotating, reciprocating, & transverse motions creates hazards
1. at any point of operation where work is done
2. at any points where power or motion is being transmitted from on part of a mechanical linkage to another
How can rotating devices injure you?
Whatever is rotating can grip clothing or hair and possibly force an arm or hand into dangerous position
What is the basic requirement for an enclosed guard?
*Used to protect operators from rotating parts on pumps
*Prevents access to dangerous parts at all times by enclosing the hazardous operation completely
Whenever maintenance is to be performed on pumps or any other equipment, how should the work be planned to minimize any potential safety hazards?
Figure out how to do job from start to finish
Identifying potential safety hazards before starting a job and deciding how they can be avoided
Use the proper tools and equipment and follow the lockout/tagout procedure described
Why should you never work on equipment when its hanging from a sling in midair?
Because the equipment could slip from the sling and fall on you. Always lower equipment to the floor/work bench before starting maintenance
Describe the buffer space and its purpose in a TTC zone
Is a lateral or longitudinal area that separates road user flow from the work space or any unsafe area, might provide some recovery space for an errant vehicle.
No work activity or storage of equipment vehicles or material should be in the buffer space
What are the 5 general types of tapers used in TTC zones?
Merging Taper
Shifting Taper
Shoulder Taper
One-Lane, Two-Way Taper
Downstream Taper
Why is it important to use traffic control devices in a consistent, predictable manner?
When consistently applied, drivers know by experience to recognize and respond to hazardous road conditions
What is a portable changeable message sign (PCMs) and when it is used?
Lighted, electronic TTC devices with the flexibility to display a variety of messages
Used most frequently on high density urban freeways, but have applications on all typles of highways where highway alignment, road users routing problems, or other pertinent conditions require advanced warning and info
List 4 types of channeling devices
Cones
Tubular Markers
Vertical panels
Drums
Barricades
Longitudinal channeling device
List the general safety rules for an excavation
*Inspect for any hazards
*Location of underground installs
*Over 4ft deep tested as nec for O2 and hazards
*Inspected daily by competent person
*Supervisor on site at all times
Safety provisions when install/remove shoring
*Spoil kept back at least 2 ft from edge
*Safe/Convenient access to excavation
*Effective barriers
*Water must not be allowed to accumulate in any excavation
What adjustments to shoring should be made for excavations in unstable materials?
*Spacing of the uprights shall be decreased and solid sheathing may be required
*Additional sheeting - must be provided that is sufficient to hold the material in place
*Longitudinal - stringer dimensions depends upon the strut and stringer spacing and upon the degree of instability encountered
*Greater loads are encountered as the depth increases, so more or strong stringers and struts are required near the trench bottom
List the underground utilities that could be damaged by water utility personnel searching for a leak underground water main
Telephones
Electricity
Natural Gas
Cable television
Fiber optics
traffic lights
street lights
storm drains
water mains
wastewater pipes
sometime major oil or gas pipelines
How do anti-slip coatings prevent slippery surfaces?
Coatings usually have an abrasive (carbide crystals or ground walnut shells) sub suspended in resin and Use of them can change a slippery surface to a safe, non slip surface
What are the two basic types of safety devices used by operators when climbing fixed ladders?
A rail or cable attached to ladder on which a sleeve or collar travels
A sleeve or collar that is fastened to the climbers safety belt by hooks and short length of chain
What are the physical requirements for operators who must climb fixed ladders?
No previous history of heart ailment, dizzy, or fainting spells, or other physical disability that would make climbing dangerous
A safety inspection of a fixed ladder should include what items?
- loose, worn, and damaged rungs or side rails
- corroded or damaged parts of security door
- corroded bolts or rivet heads where
- Defects in climbing devices, including loose or damaged carrier rails or cables
Why do storage tanks need interior coatings?
To preserve a tank interior in operating order
What atmosphere hazards may be encountered in a confined space?
Primarily with 02 deficiency (less than 19.5% oxygen by volume in air)
Possible build up of toxic or explosive gas mixtures
Conditions present a serious threat of causing death, injury, acute illness, or disablement
How can operators protect themselves from excessive noise?
Source control
Path Control
Receiver control - hearing protection devices
Why are safety inspection forms helpful?
A good way to be sure that equipment and facilities receive a regular safety review. To ensure that important items are not overlooked or forgotten, many systems use safety inspection forms or reports
An analysis of accident statistic reveals that ______ and ______ are the causes of most accidents
Op. Negligence
Carelessness
Who is mainly responsible for safety?
Everyone, from top management to all employees
What is the purpose of employee Right-To-Know laws?
To require employers to inform operators of the possible health effects resulting from contact with hazardous substances
Why should cars not be allowed to touch when recharging the battery?
A dangerous arcing situation could occur
What is dangerous air contamination?
An atmosphere presenting a threat of causing death, injury, acute illness, or disablement due to the presence of flammable/explosive, toxic, or otherwise injurious or incapacitating substances
Toxic gases include ____ and ____.
Hydrogen Sulfide
Carbon Monoxide
What is the 1st step of atmospheric testing that should be performed before entering a confined space?
Calibrate the gas detection device
Which type of material should be used to clean up liquid spills on floors?
Nonflammable absorbent material
Why does the selection of a well site require serious consideration?
To ensure that the well is located a suitable distance from any potential pollution source that may adversely affect the groundwater
All surface openings installed on top of a well must be protected against what?
Entrance of surface water or foreign matter
Why may an acid treatment be necessary for a well?
To loosen incrustations from a well casing and well
What safety precaution should be practiced when mixing an acid with water?
Add acid slowly to water
Why should wells that are no longer useful be abandoned and plugged?
To ensure that groundwater is protected and preserved for further use
What is the purpose of enclosed guards on pumps?
To prevent access to dangerous parts at all times by enclosing the hazardous operation completely
Never operate a pump against a closed discharged valve because ______ will occur
Overheating
Under what conditions must emergency response agencies, such as fire/police dept. be notified before traffic is diverted or disrupted?
When traffic diversion or disruption may obstruct assess
In relation to excavating trenches, what is spoil?
Material removed from a trench
When working in streets, which public safety precaution must be taken during welding activities?
Suitable screens must be placed to protect the public from arc welding flash or sparks from cutting operations
When should an arrow board be used in the arrow or chevron mode?
Advising approaching traffic of a lane closure along major multi lane roadways
_____ placed over trenches in roadways must be secured against displacement
Covers
How can confined spaces be properly ventilated to permit workers to enter safety?
Use specially designed forced-air ventilators
Which item in a water system does not contribute to operator noise exposure?
Insertion-type earplugs
Air compressors
Engine generators
Pumps
What is the most effective means of controlling noise?
Operator protection
Path control
Receiver control
Source control **
Why might equipment be unsafe to workon, even after it is locked out and tagged out?
What additional safety precautions may be needed?
Stored energy in gas, air, water, steam, and hydraulic systems must be drained or bled down to release the stored energy
Before bleeding down pressurized systems, think about the pressures involved and what will be discharged to the atmosphere and work area.
