Deck

Question 1

How do you calculate total magnification?

Answer 1

Eyepiece lens x objective lens

Question 2

Define the term resolution

Answer 2

Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two separate points in an image

Question 3

What is the role of the nucleus

Answer 3

Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes. Contains the genetic code

Question 4

What is the role of the cytoplasm in a cell

Answer 4

This is where chemcial reactions take place

Question 5

What is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 5

Controls what enters and leaves the cells.

Question 6

What is function of the mitochondria is cells

Answer 6

This is the site of respiration.

Glucose + Oxyen –> Carbon dioxide + water vapour + ATP energy

Question 7

Define the word ‘magnification’

Answer 7

Magnification is how much bigger an image is compared to it’s actual size.
Can be calculated by using the IAM triangle.

Question 8

Function of the cellulose cell wall

Answer 8

This is outer layer of plant cells. It is made of cellulose. It gives the plant strength and support.

Question 9

Why are ribosomes needed in a cell?

Answer 9

Ribosomes are the site (location) where proteins are made.

Question 10

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Answer 10

Chloroplasts contain a green chemcial called chlorophyll. It traps sunlight energy which is needed for photosynthesis.

Question 11

What is the function of a vacuole

Answer 11

provides the plant with support or rigidity, a storage area for nutrients

Question 12

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 12

convert light energy of the Sun into sugars that can be used by cells. The entire process is called photosynthesis

Question 13

Characteristics of prokaryotes

Answer 13

Oldest type of cell
Small and simple.       Lacks nucleus.
Lacks organelles
Single celled
Single circular chromosomes
Have a DNA
Have ribosomes
Haves plasma membrane

Question 14

Characteristics of eukaryotic cells

Answer 14

Evolved from prokaryotic cells
Larger and more complex Contain nucleus
Contains organelles
Single celled or multicellular
Multiple linear chromosomes.
Have DNA
Have ribosomes
Has cytoplasm
Has plasma membrane

Question 15

Plasmids

Answer 15

Plasmids are able to pass from one bacterial cell to another.

Question 16

Nerve cell adaptations

Answer 16

The sheath acts like a insulator-rather like the plastic coating of an electrical wire. Neurones or adapted to their function by being long, so that they can communicate with distant parts of the body.

Question 17

Muscle cells adaptations

Answer 17

They are made of contractile filament to help in contraction.
It contains lots of Mitochondria to supply the cell with energy

Question 18

Sperm cell adaptations

Answer 18

Very thin wall, which gives a large surface area.
The head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate the egg cell membrane. The middle section is packed with mitochondria for energy.
The tail move these sperm to the egg

Question 19

Root hair cells adaptations

Answer 19

Have a large surface area to speed up osmosis

Question 20

Xylem cell adaptations

Answer 20

Xylem cells form lignin that builds up spirals in the cell wall. The cells die and form a long, hollow tube to allow minerals and water to pass through easily

The spirals and rings of lignin in silence cells make them very strong and help them with stand the pressure of water moving up the plant. This also helps support the plant cell

Question 21

Phloem adaptions

Answer 21

The cell walls between the zones breakdown to form special sieve plates. These allow water carrying dissolved food to move freely up and down the tubes to where it is needed

Phloem cells lose a lot of their internal structures that they are supported by companion cells to keep them alive. The mitochondria of the companion cells transfer the energy needed to dissolve the food up and down the plant

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

The net random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It is a passive process Which means that no energy is needed (from the body)

Question 23

Rate of diffusion

Answer 23

The rights of diffusion is increased when the distance is decreased. The surface area is increased. The concentration difference (Concentration gradient) is increased

Question 24

Dilute solution

Answer 24

• More water molecules

- Less solute (e.g. suit, sugar, Ribena closed parenthesis

Question 25

Concentrated solution

Answer 25

• More solute

- Less water molecules

Question 26

Osmosis

Answer 26

Is the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a partial permeable membrane.
He is a passive process (no energy needed from the body is required)

Question 27

Crenation

Answer 27

The shrinkage of cells because when the surrounding solution is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm. Water leave C cells by osmosis, which causes the membrane to wrinkle and the contents of the cell to contents

Question 28

Lysis

Answer 28

there is more water outside the cell.
Therefore water rushes into the cell
Causing it to swell up and possibly burst because there is no cell wall

Question 29

Turgid

Answer 29

There is more water outside the cell. Therefore water will enter the cell by osmosis. The cell will swell up. The cell becomes firm or turgid

Question 30

Plasmolysed

Answer 30

There is more water inside the cell
Therefore water will leave the cell by osmosis. This causes the membrane to pull away from the cell wall. The cell now becomes soft (flaccid)