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Surgery Shelf > Deck 4 > Flashcards

Deck 4 Flashcards

1
Q

why do myxomas create inflammation

A

bc they release IL-6

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2
Q

what types of fluids does someone in septic shock need

A

crystalloid so either saline or crystalloid

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3
Q

what abx do you use for C diff infection

A

vanc or fidaxomicin and if its severe you add IV metro

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4
Q

relationship of trachea to esophagus

A

trachea is anterior to the esophagus

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5
Q

does damage to the pancreas cause acute hemodynamic changes

A

no

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6
Q

if there is no blood in the FAST exam where is the blood likely if a pt is unstable

A

likely the pelvis

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7
Q

signs of inhalation injury

A

Prolonged smoke exposure in an enclosed space, Facial burns, Wheezing, nasopharyngeal blistering

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8
Q

what does a aortic dissection look like from the CT angio

A

there is an intimal flap where you have hte disscetion in the lumen

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9
Q

signs of graves opthomology

A

Lid lag, proptosis, diplopia

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10
Q

pain worsened by passive dorsiflexion of big toe dx

A

plantar faciitis

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11
Q

pathophys of hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney diseaseq

A

chronic stimulation causes hyperplasia of the parathyroid causing secretion even in the setting of elevated calcium

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12
Q

A-a gradient in atelectasis

A

elevated

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13
Q

management of auricular hematoma

A

immediate drainage

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14
Q

what is a hypopneon

A

purulent haziness and layering of leukocytes over the conjunctivae

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15
Q

presentation of acute mesenteric ischemia

A

rapid onset periumbilical pain, hematochezia, pain out of proportion to exam findings

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16
Q

seminoma hormone elevations

A

only bHCG

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17
Q

mixed germ cell tumor hormone elevations

A

AFP and BHCG

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18
Q

leydig cell tumor hormone elevations

A

estrodiol is high

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19
Q

pseudoanerysm vs. AV fistula bruit

A

pseudoaneurysm is only systolic and AV fistula is continuous

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20
Q

can you still actively plantar flex with achilles tendon rupture

A

yes, bc of collateral connections from other muscles and tendons

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21
Q

signs of osteoarthritis on xray

A

loss of joint space, periarticular osteophytes, sclerosis of the acetabular surface

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22
Q

xray signs of chronic osteomyelitis

A

ragged fracture, fragmentation of the bone

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23
Q

chronic wound drainage post surgical fixation of long bone dx

A

chronic osteomyelitis

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24
Q

what is tophous gout

A

slowly enlarging hard mass in people with gout due to bursal infiltration of gout crystals

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25
Q

penile injury initial management

A

if evidence of urethral injury then they need retrograde urethrography

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26
Q

intraperitoneal fluid bladder injury location

A

bladder dome

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27
Q

retroperitoneal fluid bladder injury location

A

anterior wall of bladder

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28
Q

what is the troussou sign

A

migrating thrombophlebitis (red itchy stretch marks)

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29
Q

what is the troussou sign typicall associated with

A

most often pancreatic cancer, but can be others

30
Q

do you need to do genetic testing for hereditary spherocytosis

A

nope you can just do splenectomy after blood smear

31
Q

signs of non hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

fever, chills, mild shortness of breath, myalgias, nausea, etc

32
Q

cause of non hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

preformed antibodies to donor leukocytes

33
Q

treatment of methemeglobinemia

A

methylene blue

34
Q

treatment of carbon dioxide poisoning

A

hyperbaric O2 chambre

35
Q

pathophys of cushings reflex

A

rising intracranial pressures occlude vessels which decreases perfusion so MAP increases to allow for increased perfusion to the brain, causing very high BP, bradycardia and irregular respirations

36
Q

slow growing pinkish skin lesion

A

likely basal cell CA

37
Q

management of septic arthritis

A

IV ABX and I&D

38
Q

cardiogenic shock SVR

A

increased because CO is decreased

39
Q

first line medication in treatment of aortic dissection

A

labetolol to lower BP and HR

40
Q

management of PAD

A

first smoking cessation and exercise therapy, then meds, then surgery

41
Q

what indicates the severity of aspiration pneumonia

A

volume of aspirated fluid

42
Q

signs of cholangiocarcinoma

A

RUQ pain, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, fevers, signs of bile duct obstructin

43
Q

dx of cholangiocarcinoma

A

ERCP so that you can visualize the CBD

44
Q

what type of bilirubinemia in a cholangioCA

A

direct bc it is a blockage so its overflowing

45
Q

etiology of zenker diverticulum

A

cricopharyngeal muscle spasm

46
Q

what type of thyroid cancer is familial typcially

A

medullary

47
Q

which patients get pituitary adenoma vs. craniopharyngioma

A

pit adenoma - adults // craniopharyngioma - kids

48
Q

rotator cuff inflammation signs

A

pain with abduction and external rotation, normal ROM with impingement signs

49
Q

when do you perform surgical debridement after burns

A

> 72 hours after

50
Q

when to cath someone for burns

A

immediately so you can monitor their urine output

51
Q

how does CMV manifest as reactivation

A

typically it is a colitis

52
Q

severe complication of IBD

A

toxic megacolon

53
Q

treatment of toxic megacolon from IBD

A

steroids

54
Q

signs of toxic megacolon on xray

A

loss of haustra, large dilated colon, air fluid levels

55
Q

most common cause of nosocomial blood stream infection

A

central venous catheters

56
Q

BCC or melanoma of the face exicsion technique

A

Mohs

57
Q

likely etiology of vomiting post Roux-en-Y bypass

A

anastamotic stenosis

58
Q

clinical clues for renovascular causes of HTN

A

recurrent flash pulmonary edema, malignant HTN, uncontrolled HTN despite multiple meds

59
Q

K+
values in renovascular disease

A

activated RAAS causes elevated aldosterone which causes low potassium

60
Q

expanding neck hematoma management

A

immediate wound exploration to decompress hematoma

61
Q

massive transfusion protocol blood products

A

FFP, packed RBCs, platelets

62
Q

AC joint sprain clinical clue

A

pain with adduction of the arm across torso

63
Q

pathophys of gallstones for a patient on TPN

A

gallbladder stasis

64
Q

next step for patients that cant tolerate anticoagulation for lower extremity DVT

A

IVC filter

65
Q

best way to maintain output function of a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

hemodynamic stability (give fluids)

66
Q

which type of echo is best

A

TEE

67
Q

posterior urethral injury presentation

A

blood at urethral meatus, high riding prostate

68
Q

next stp in management of posterior urethral injury

A

retrograde urethrogram

69
Q

low T3/euthyroid sick syndrome etiology

A

high circulating glucocorticoids and inflammatory cytokines cause decreased conversion of T4 –> T3

70
Q

dx of gallstone pancreatitis

A

RUQ ultrasound

Surgery Shelf (6 decks)

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