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African-American History > Deck 2 > Flashcards

Deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How did the first Africans come to America?

A

They came as indentured servants. For free Africans at that time, the laws were the same for everyone for 40 years

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2
Q

How were indentured Africans and Europeans treated?

A

They were treated as equals and equally oppressed no matter what color their skin.

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3
Q

How did the European colonists describe themselves

A

They saw themselves as being English or Christian

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4
Q

What was an asiento

A

Rights or permission to trade granted by the pope

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5
Q

Wh did las casas suggest that the native Americans should be replaced with Africans

A

Because the native Americans were either killed off or ran away and Africans could work in hot weather because they were used to it.

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6
Q

How did early forms of enslavement in Greece, Rome, and Egypt differ from the European form of chattel slavery in American colonies

A

Ancient slavery had nothing to do with race. It was justified by rules of war or if someone was a criminal. English form of slavery dealt with race and was very harsh

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7
Q

What was the triangle trade and why is it referred to as that name

A

The trade between u.s. Europe and Africa which created a triangle shape so it was called triangle trade. This trade brought Africans to America as slaves and took goods to Europe.

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8
Q

What was prejudice based on from around 1612 to 1660 in the American colonies

A

It was based on socioeconomic class and not color

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9
Q

Why were only Africans enslaved?

A

Africans were perceived to be strong, better resisted to heat, had farming skills, and couldn’t protest.

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10
Q

Why did Africans allow enslavement to happen?

A

They practiced domestic slavery so they didn’t think they would be treated to poorly. Also, Africans wanted guns and iron pots from Europe. Europeans caused wars between Africans to get POWs.

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11
Q

Who was las casas

A

He traveled with Columbus and was a priest and may have wrote Columbus’s journal because Columbus may have been illiterate.

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12
Q

What does Bennett mean by “equality of oppression?”

A

Indentured servants were equally treated badly no matter the color of the skin and beaten equally

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13
Q

What did the slave codes forbid?

A

Meetings of large groups of Africans, being legally married, learning to read and write or own land were all prohibited so they could not rebel

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14
Q

Who was toussaint L’Ouverture and what did he do that made him important in both the u.s. and African American history?

A

He led a successful revolt and gained independence for Haiti from the French making it the first independent country in the west which led to the French selling the u.s. the Louisiana purchase.

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15
Q

What was seasoning of Africans

A

Splitting up cultures and languages of African people to prevent them from communicating with each other and rebelling against slave owners

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16
Q

who was gabriel prosser? denmark vesey?

A

African American men who tried to lead slave revolts but were betrayed. Prosser was in Richmond and Vesey was in Charleston SC

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17
Q

Why didn’t George Washington and the colonists want enslaved Africans to fight in the Revolutionary War?

A

Afraid they would run away, afraid they didn’t know how to fight, and whites didn’t want to fight alongside black men

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18
Q

Who were Benjamin Banneker and Phillis Wheatley?

A

Banneker wrote the almanac, designed Washington D.C., was a mathematician and wrote Jefferson about why slavery is okay. Wheatley wrote the first book about an African and was the second book published in the U.S.

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19
Q

Who was Dred Scott?

A

An enslaved man who tried to sue for his freedom but “He didn’t have the right to sue” according to the courts

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20
Q

Who was Lord Dunmore?

A

He was part of the British governement who recruited Africans for the British army during the Revolutionary War

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21
Q

Explain how some people resisted enslavement?

A

Violent revolts led by Prosser, Vesey, and Brown as well as non violent methods like newspapers, the underground railroad, and abolitionist speeches

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22
Q

had abolitionist newspapers

A

Russworm, Cornish, Douglass

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23
Q

started the abolitionist newspaper called, “The North Star”

A

Fredrick Douglass

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24
Q

What was the three-fifths compromise?

A

The agree about how slaves counted toward a state’s population. The slaves were counted as 3/5 of a man for voting purposes.

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25
What was Lincoln's position on emancipation for enslaved Africans?
Lincoln felt slavery was morally wrong but he did not want to decide whether the slaves should be free or not. He drafted the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862.
26
Explain the term abolitionists and name two
Abolitionists were people working to end slavery like John Brown and Fredrick Douglass
27
What was the reason for the Civil War?
To save the union according to Lincoln but it was also about slavery.
28
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
A document written by Lincoln that freed all enslaved Africans in confederate states
29
What was the Freedman's Bureau designed to do?
To address economic and social needs and aid the poor by setting up schools and hospitals. They also helped people find a way to make a living and DISTRIBUTE LAND!
30
Why did the northern states abolish slavery?
Economic changes because the north was mostly industry while the south was agricultural so slaves weren't as needed in the north.
31
Which college was the only one established by the U.S. government for blacks?
Howard University
32
Who was Jim Crow?
Practice of discrimination against blacks and it was not a person, it was just a black code.
33
What did the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments provide for?
Hope that African Americans would gain equality. 13th outlawed slavery, 14th gave equal protection under the law and citizenship, 15th gave African American males the right to vote
34
What were the "black codes"?
Laws that replaced slave codes and segregated blacks from whites after the civil war. Could not own gun or property, prevented voting, could be arrested for insulting whites.
35
Name three people who traveled West and what they did?
James Beckwourth - discovered a pass through the Sierra Nevadas. Jean Baptiste Du Sable founded Chicago. Mary Fields was the first female post carrier and delivered mail in the West.
36
Who was Martin Delaney? What did he advocate?
African American physician and commisioned officer in the army who advocated blacks going back to Africa because he felt that Africans would never have equality in the U.S.
37
What was Reconstruction?
After the civil war when the south was being rebuilt. Reconstruction Acts were written and Freedman's Bureau was supposed to distribute land.
38
What group established a school for African American children in 1774?
The abolitionist society in Philadelphia
39
Who were the African Americans who protected the settlers in the West?
9th and 10th calvaries and 24th and 25th infantries
40
Who was John Alvord?
The superintendent of the freedman's bureau and documented all the schools in the south and all were under his jurisdiction.
41
How did African Americans feel about education?
African Americans were eager to learn and wanted to learn to keep from being cheated in contracts and so they could read the Bible
42
What were "native schools?"
Schools founded and maintained by ex-slaves
43
Name two places where schools for African American children were established even before the Civil War?
Fort Monroe, VA in 1861 and New Orlenas in 1860
44
What were northern missionaries surpries to find when they went to the South?
They found schools that were already established.
45
Where was the earliest black school established according to historical records?
Savanna, Georgia in 1833
46
There were 3 basic types of schools that were established for sourthern African Americans just after the Civil War and they were?
common (basic skills), trade, Normal (taught teachers)
47
What was Black Wall Street and what happened to it?
An area in Tulsa, OK called Greenwood that was a very prosperous black area. In 1921, whites burnt down homes and business because of a false accusation against a black man by a white woman.
48
Explain what is meant by the Red Summer?
The Red Summer refers to the summer of 1919 because the largest number of race riots in America took place during that time (at least 25).
49
Who is Ida B. Wells?
A journalist who spoke out against the mistreatment of African Americans and wrote the "Red Record" in 1895 which documented lynching.
50
Who said that "public education for all at public expense was, in the South, a Negro idea?
W.E.B. DuBois
51
What was the debate about education between DuBois and Washington all about?
Washington believed blacks should be educated in trade skills. DuBois thought blacks should be educated in all around academics. Washington was an accomodationist and he believed in "go along to get along" while Dubois wanted equal rights right away.
52
What publication established DuBois as an opponent of Washington?
"The Souls of Black Folk"
53
What is the term for "education at public expense?"
Universal education
54
What were Sabbath schools?
Schools created for ex-slaves, which encouraged literacy and met on Sundays.
55
How was "universal schooling" supported?
tax money
56
The record of schools that was kept by the Freedman's Bureau reported on what types of schools?
Native schools
57
first indentured servants settled where
jamestown
58
for blank years, indentured servants were equal under the law
40
59
two tribes that were brought to the U.S. and they had to be separated
Fulani and Mandingo
60
Another name for the triangle trade
middle passage
61
the 14th ammendment also does what
due process
62
black codes are equal to
jim crow laws
63
the two things that booker t and web dubois argued about
political rights and education
64
started the UNIA and Black Star Line and taught about working together and made soup kitchens
Marcus Garvey
65
Who was John Chavis and what did he do?
Opened a school in Raleigh, NC where he taught whites during the day and blacks at night.
66
Name at least four of the earliest colleges that were established. How many private black colleges were established?
Chaney was the 1st and in PA. Lincoln was the 2nd and in PA. Wilberforce was in Ohio. Berea was in KY. Howard was in 1867 and was established by the government. Shaw University was the first to have a grad and medical school. 24 private black colleges were established.
67
Where was the first black land grant college established?
In Mississippi at Alcorn College
68
What happened to stop the progress made by African Americans to establish free public education in the South?
White planter groupos regained control over government and stressed low level taxes, opposed compulsory education and blocked out the passsage of laws that would strengthen education
69
Who was samuel Armstron and what was his "Hampton Idea?"
Northern philanthropist who made a plan to place African Americans in a subordinate position by disenfranchising them while preparing them for the lowest forms of labor that didn't interfere with white jobs.
70
Who was Charles Drew?
Physician established blood banks, found a way to store blood plasma in England
71
Hampton Institute was first founded as what kind of school? What did it become later?
It went from a trade to normal to University school
72
Explain Hampton's structure as a normal school including its curriculum
2-3 years of education, didn't offer bachelor's degree. Equivalent to 10th grade education
73
At what level of education did students graduate?
high school
74
What was the KKK?
A terrorist group that targeted African Americans, successful farmers, and politicians. It was started by Nathan Bedford in Pulaski, TN.
75
What was Plessy v. Ferguson
A supreme court case where Plessy was black and wanted equal protection under the law and the courts upheld separate but equal segregation. The case involved segregated train cars.
76
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
A time in NYC in the 20s when black intellectuals and artists gathered which created a boom in Harlem's culture and reputation.
77
Two clubs established during the Harlem Renaissance?
Cotton Club and Savoy
78
Who was Langston Hughes? Zora Neale Hurston?
They were both stars during the Harlem Renaissance and both were writers. Hurston wrote "Their Eyes Were Watching God" which is a famous book.
79
Where was the Journal of Negro Education founded?
Howard University by Carter G. Woodson in 1932
80
When were the NAACP and the National Urban League founded?
NAACP in 1909 which fought for equal education opportunities and fought discrimination. NUL - 1911
81
Explain McLaurin v Oklahoma State Regents case.
Supreme court case in 1950 that dealt with higher education and McLaurin was granted admission to the Oklahoma University to which he was originally denied.
82
What did the lawsuit brought by the NAACP against the Maryland Law school result in?
In 1935, Murray had to be admitted to the school or a whole other school had to be built just for him according to the courts.
83
Explain what happened in the case of Sweatt v Painter?
This dealt with a Texas Law school and successfully fought segregation. Sweatt won and a new law school was created for blacks. (1950)
84
What did cases like the ones involving Sweatt, McLaurin, and Murry pave the way for?
Brown v Board of Education in 1954
85
What did Governor George Wallace do at the University of Alabama?
Wallace stood in the doorway to prevent Medgar Evers from entering. Kennedy sent a federal guard to get Evers in the school.
86
Under what circumstances did James Meredith attend the University of Mississippi?
He had to be escorted by federal marshalls and national guard troops to get into school and go to classes in 1962.
87
What was the significance of the arrest of Rosa Parks?
She stood up for her rights and the modern civil rights era began after her arrest. The Montgomery bus boycott also started after the arrest.
88
Explain some of the techniques for non-violent protest.
Boycotts, sit-ins, freedom rides
89
What does "Bloody Sunday" refer to and why did it happen?
There was a march from Selma to Montgomery Alabama for African American voting rights and they attempted to cross the Edmund Pettus bridge and were pushed back by police and horses.
90
In the 1960s, there were two major movements for equal rights for African Americans. Both had leadership. Explain what they were and the leaders
Black Panthers who were militant. MLK Jr. who was non violent and influnced by Gandhi
91
Who were the Black Panthers?
A group founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seal in 1966 that promoted racial pride and wanted to help urban ghettos and created a ten point plan to promote blacks
92
Where did the term "Black Power" originate?
Congressman Adam Clayton Powell Jr. in a speech at Howard University
93
Explain what Cointelpro means?
A forceful campaign against the Black Panthers led by the FBI and J. Edgar Hoover
94
Explain the position of Louis Farakahan?
Son of Elijah Mohammed and took his spot as the leader of the Nation of Islam.
95
Who was Elijah Mohammed?
Leader and founder of the Nation of Islam
96
Who was Malcolm X?
A spokesperson for the nation of Islam

African-American History (3 decks)

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