Deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

eugenics

A

study of factors that influence the hereditary qualities of the human race and ways to improve these qualities

The science fiction novel describes a military eugenics program designed to create a race of “super-soldiers” possessing intelligence, strength, and other qualities far in advance of the ordinary person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

eulogy

A

high praise, especially of a person who has recently died

After the death of Abraham Lincoln, many eulogies of him appeared in newspapers throughout America.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

euphemism

A

use of agreeable or inoffensive language in place of unpleasant or offensive language; the expression so substituted

“To pass away” is a euphemism for “to die.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

euphoria

A

a feeling of extreme happiness

There was euphoria in the professor’s house after it was learned that she had received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

euthanasia

A

mercy killing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

evince

A

to show clearly; be an indication of

The student’s response to the teacher’s question evinced his ignorance of the subject.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

evocative

A

tending to call to mind or produce a reaction; tending to evoke

The perfume is evocative of spring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

exacerbate

A

to aggravate; make worse

The release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels has increased the amount of this gas in the atmosphere, exacerbating the naturally occuring “greenhouse effect” that has predominated in Earth’s recent past.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

exact

A

to force the payment of; demand and obtain by authority

The conquering rulers exacted a tax of 10% from every adult male in the country.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

exculpate

A

to clear of blame;

The report exculpated the FBI of any wrongdoing in its handling of the investigation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

execrable

A

detestable; abhorrent; 嫌悪すべき,忌まわしい

When folk artists such as Bob Dylan began to use rock instruments, many folk music traditionalists considered it an execrable travesty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

exhort

A

to urge by strong appeals

In 1943 U.S. General exhorted American troops about to invade Hitler’s Europe, saying that victory was assured because American soldiers were more virile and courageous than their German counterparts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

virile

A

of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or befitting a man; masculine; manly:

virile strength.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

exigency

A

crisis; urgent requirements

Astronauts must be prepared for exigencies such as damage to their spacecraft’s life support system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

existential

A

pertaining to existence; based on experience;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

exorcise

A

to expel evil spirits; free from bad influences

A modern parallel to the shaman is the psychiatrist, who helps the patient exorcise personal demons and guides him toward mental wholeness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

expatiate

A

to speak or write at length

Every year the book club invites a famous author to come to expatiate on the art of writing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

expatriate

A

to send into exile; to banish (a person) from his or her country

People seeking asylum in another country are sometimes expatriated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

expiate

A

to atone for

The pilgrims undertook their long journey to expiate their sins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

explicate

A

to explain; interpret; clarify

The literature exam requires students to explicate three poems they studied in class and one they have not studied.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

expository

A

explanatory

There is no one model of expository prose that a student can emulate, since each piece of good writing is unique.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

extant

A

in existence; not lost

Unfortunately for Bible scholars, there are no extant writings of Jesus Christ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

extemporaneous

A

unrehearsed

I enjoyed the speaker’s extemporaneous remarks more than her prepared speech, because they gave me insight into her personality that helped me understand the decisions she made during her time as a federal judge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

extirpate

A

to remove or destroy totally

The new federal prosecutor promised voters that he would extirpate corruption in the state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
extraneous
not essential The encyclopedia editors worked hard to cut out **extraneous** material so that readers could find information easily on a given subject.
24
extrapolation
the act of estimation by projecting known information The economist's **extrapolation** suggests that the economy will grow by 4% next year.
25
extrinsic
not inherent or essential The experiment is designed to exclude factors that are **extrinsic** to the phenomenon.
26
facetious
humorous The comedian's **facetious** comments about prominent politicians kept the audience amused.
27
factotum
a person who does all sorts of work; a handyman Malvolio aspires to become more than merely a **factotum** in the house of Lady Olivia.
28
fallacious
based on a false idea or fact; misleading The belief of the Nazis that they could create a "master race" was based on the **fallacious** premise that some races are inherently superior to others.
29
fallow
(of land) plowed and left unseeded for a season or more; uncultivated At the beginning of each school year the teacher looks out at the new students and thinks of a **fallow** field, ready to be cultivated.
30
fatuous
foolishly self-satisfied The student could not understand why no one took seriously his **fatuous** comments.
31
fawning
seeking favor by flattering The boss has a reputation for hiring **fawning** employees.
32
felicitous
suitably expressed; appropriate; well-chosen The Gettysburg Address is full of **felicitous** phrases such as "government of the people, by the people, and for the people."
33
feral
existing in a wild or untamed state **Feral** dogs returning to an untamed state after domestication sometimes form packs, becoming a threat to humans.
33
fervor
warmth and intensity of emotion American soldiers were welcomed back to the United States with **fervor** after the end of World War II.
34
fetid
having a bad smell Many people find the smell of Limburger cheese **fetid**.
35
fetter
to bind; confine William Blake believed that each person cretes "mind-forged manacles," **fettering** his or her natural instincts and spirit.
36
manacle
a shackle for the hand; handcuff
37
fiat
an authoritative decree, sanction, or order: authorization The dictator rules almost entirely by **fiat**.
38
fidelity
loyalty; exact correspondence Monks joining the Franciscan Order pledge **fidelity** to the ideals and rules of the Order.
39
finesse
to handle with a deceptive or evasive strategy; to use finesse, that is, refinement in performance; 巧みにだます; 巧みに解決する Engineers decided that the problem could be **finessed** by using lighter materials.
40
fissure
a narrow opening produced by cleavage or separation of parts; 亀裂, 割れ目 Geologists measure the width of the **fissure** regularly to monitor movement of the Earth's plates in the area.
41
flag
to droop; grow weak Noticing that the students' attention was **flagging**, the professor gave them a short break.
42
fledgling
beginner; novice The coach said that some of the team's **fledglings** would play in Saturday's game.
42
florid
ruddy; reddish; flowery; 赤みがかった, 血色の良い As he grew older, the novelist eschewed the **florid**, ostentatious style of his youth in favor of a more direct and sparse style.
43
flourish
an embellishment or ornamentation The Sophists often gave interminable speeches full of rhetorical **flourishes**.
44
flout
to treat scornfully Paul Fussel discusses the dangers poets face when they **flout** poetic conventions.
45
flux
flowing; a continuous moving In some cultures time is conceptualized as a **flux** moving in one direction.
46
foment
promote the growth or development of; 煽る, 扇動する, 助長する The government accused the newspaper of **fomenting** unrest in the country.
46
forbearance
patience The president warned that great courage and **forbearance** would be required to see the war through to a successful conclusion.
47
forestall
to prevent; delay The government took steps to **forestall** an economic downturn by increasing government spending.
48
formidable
menacing; threatening By the middle of the nineteenth century the United States had become a **formidable** economic and military power.
49
forswear
to reject or renounce under oath; 誓って〜をやめる When she became a U.S. citizen, Julia **forswore** allegiance to all other countries and pledged to defend the United States if called upon to do so.
50
founder
to sink; fail; collapse Most attempts to create advanced new technology by government fiat **founder**, probably because of the difficulty in anticipating changes in the fluid world of high technology.
51
fracas
a loud quarrel The police were called in to break up a **fracas** that had erupted in the bar.
52
fractious
quarrelsome; unruly; rebellious In an effort to unify their divided party, its leaders decided to first placate the party's most **fractious** elements.
53
froward
stubbornly contrary; obstinately disobedient; not easily managed The teacher had no choice but to send the **froward** child to the vice-principal for disciplining.
54
frugality
thrift; 倹約, 質素 In these days of credit card and installment plan buying, **frugality** seems to have become a rarely practiced virtue.
55
fulminate
to attack loudly; denounce The senator **fulminated** against what he termed "foreign meddling in America's business."
56
fulsome
so excessive as to be disgusting; 過度の The actor was embarrassed by the **fulsome** praise he received after winning the Academy Award for best actor.
57
futile
ineffective; useless; fruitless To some non-philosophers, the discipline seems frivolous and **futile** because it produces no tangible benefits.
58
gainsay
to deny; dispute; oppose No one can **gainsay** the fact that she put great effort into the project.
59
gambol
to skip about, as in dancing or playing; frolic; leap playfully The children **gamboled** on the lawn while their parents ate lunch.
60
garrulous
very talkative; wordy The **garrulous** houseguest made it difficult for us to get much work done on the project.
61
gauche
lacking social grace, sensitivity, or acuteness; awkward; crude; What is considered **gauche** in one culture might not be considered gauche in another culture; for example, burping is considered rude in America but is acceptable in China.
62
geniality
cheerfulness; kindliness; sociability Hosts of television talk shows are generally people who possess a great deal of **geniality**.
63
glib
fluent in an insincere way; 口達者な Sharon's parents were not satisfied by her **glib** explanation of why she had not been able to study for the exam.
64
goad
to prod; urge on **Goaded** by his friends into trying out for the football team as a walk-on, Jeff went on to become an all-American linebacker.
65
gossamer
sheer; light and delicate, like cobwebs Some experts in NASA believe that what they call a gigantic "**gossamer** spacecraft" could be constructed in space using extremely lightweight materials.
66
gouge
to tear out; scoop out; overcharge; 削り取る, えぐり出す, 〜から強要する The store is able to **gouge** its customers because it is the only store in the area that carries that particular line of merchandise.
67
grandiloquent
ponpous; bombasticspeaking or expressed in a lofty style, often to the point of being pompous or bombastic; 大げさな、大言壮語の The orator abandoned **grandiloquent** phrases and instead uses simple and direct language.
68
gregarious
fond of the company of others; sociable. A recent anthropological theory is that human beings are **gregarious** creatures that are comfortable living in groups of around 150 individuals.
68
grouse
to complain Instead of **grousing** about the policy, do something about it: write to your congressional representative.
69
guileless
free of cunning or deceit; artless One of the charms of the novel is that the **guileless** hero manages to defeat the scheming villain.
70
guise
general external appearance; aspect; semblance an old principle in a new **guise**. under the **guise** of friendship.
71
gustatory
of or pertaining to taste or tasting According to scientists, our **gustatory** sense depends to a large extent on our olfactory sense.
72
halcyon
calm and peaceful; happy; golden; prosperous The movie evokes the **halcyon** years immediately after World War II when America was at peace and the economy was booming.
73
hallowed
holy; sacred **Hallowed** be Thy name the **hallowed** saints our **hallowed** political institutions.
74
harangue
a scolding or a long or intense verbal attack; diatribe The football team sat silently listening to their coach's half-time **harangue** about poor tackling, dropped passes, and lost opportunities to score.
75
harrowing
extremely disturbing or distressing; terrifying The journey "inward" to explore the unconscious mind has been described as more **harrowing** than the most dangerous voyage to explore the Earth.
76
herbivorous
relating to a herbivore, an animal that feeds mainly on plants Most researchers now believe that the common ancestor of apes and humans was a strongly **herbivorous** animal.
77
hermetic
tightly sealed; magical Scholars have traced many of the **hermetic** traditions of ancient Greece to Egypt.
78
heterodox
unorthodox; not widely accepted The orthodox view among scientists is that the ancestors of the great apes and humans evolved solely in Africa; however, recently a competing, **heterodox** view has arisen theorizing that they also may have evolved in Euroasia.
79
hirsute
covered with hair One of the most obvious differences between humans and closely related species such as chimpanzees is that the latter are **hirsute**, while the former have relatively little hair.
79
histrionic
relating to exaggerated emotional behavior calculated for effect; theatrical arts or performances; 劇場の, 芝居がかった Whenever the star of the movie does not get her way on the set, she flies into a **histrionic** fit.
80
homeostasis
automatic maintenance by an organism of normal temperature, chemical balance, etc. within itself; An example of **homeostasis** in mammals is the regulation of glucose levels in the blood, which is done mainly by the liver and insulin secreted by the pancreas.
81
homily
sermon; tedious moralizing lecture; platitude; くどい小言、長い説教 The pastor's **homilies** have been published in an anthology.
82
hyperbole
purposeful exaggeration for effect The American tradition of the tall tale uses **hyperbole** to depict a world in which the inhabitants and their deeds are larger than life, as befitting a people inhabiting a vast landscape.
83
iconoclastic
attacking cherished traditions The linguist and political commentator Noam Chomsky has been described as gleefully **iconoclastic** because of the zeal with which he attacks many of the central beliefs of American society.
84
idolatry
idol worship; blind or excessive devotion During the Protestant Reformation images in churches were felt to be a form of **idolatry** and were banned and destroyed.
85
igneous
produced by fire; volcanic The presence of **igneous** rocks on the beach suggests that there was a volcanic eruption in the area millions of years ago.
86
imbroglio
complicated situation; an entanglement The plot of many of Somerset Maugham's stories consists of an unraveling of an **imbroglio** in which the main character finds himself.
87
immutable
unchangeable If humanity colonizes Mars, it will become a tabula rasa on which we will inscribe our **immutable** values and beliefs in a new environment.
88
impair
to damage; injure Alcohol has been shown to seriously **impair** the functioning of the brain.
89
impassive
showing no emotion The judge sat, **impassive**, listening to the man's emotional account of the crime.
90
impecunious
poor; having no money The businessman's biography tells how he went from being an **impecunious** student in the 1980s to one of the richest people in America.
91
impede
to hinder; block The development of the western region of China has been **impeded** by a lack of trained workers.
92
impermeable
impossible to penetrate The virus protection software is said to be **impermeable** to attacks by malicious software sent over the Internet.
93
imperturbable
not easily disturbed Buddha counseled that one should try to remain **imperturbable** through life's vicissitudes.
94
impervious
impossible to penetrate; incapable of being affected We were amazed how Laura could sit at the noisy party studying organic chemistry, **impervious** to the noise around her.
95
impinge
to strike; encroach Scientists have found chimpanzees to be a territorial species; individuals that are not members of a group **impinging** on the territory of that group are normaly met with aggression.
96
implacable
inflexible; incapable of being pleased Once an **implacable** foe of capitalism, the People's Republic of China in recent years seems, in practice if not in principle, to have embraced it.
97
implausible
unlikely; unbelievable To say that Napoleon Bonaparte achieved what he did merely because he was compensating for his shortness is simplistic, reductionistic, and **implausible**.
98
implode
collapse inward violently The building was **imploded** in order to make way for the construction of a new apartment complex.
99
imprecation
curse; the act of cursing The convicted man was taken away by court officers, uttering **imprecations** against the jury that had found him guilty.
100
impute
to relate to a particular cause or source; attribute the fault to; assign as a characteristic Primatologists generally **impute** relatively high intelligence to chimpanzees based on, among other things, the ability of chimpanzees to recognize themselves in a mirror.