Deck 2

Question 1

What is the primary purpose of leukotriene modifiers like montelukast?

Answer 1

Answer: To block leukotriene receptors and treat inflammation.

Question 2

Which medication is an alpha-1 blocker commonly used for BPH?

Answer 2

Answer: Tamsulosin.

Question 3

Which medication can inhibit the effectiveness of oral contraceptives?

Answer 3

Answer: Rifampin (TB medication).

Question 4

What is the primary risk associated with oral contraceptives?

Answer 4

Answer: Increased risk of blood clots, especially in smokers.

Question 5

What is the primary use of leuprolide (Leupron)?

Answer 5

Answer: To shrink the prostate in BPH or prostate cancer.

Question 6

What are the common side effects of furosemide (Lasix)?

Answer 6

Answer: Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and orthostatic hypotension.

Question 7

Which medication is used to treat anemia secondary to end-stage kidney disease?

Answer 7

Answer: Erythropoietin.

Question 8

What is the primary purpose of androgen steroids like testosterone?

Answer 8

Answer: To increase libido, energy level, muscle strength, and bone density.

Question 9

What are the potential risks associated with anabolic steroid abuse?

Answer 9

Answer: Physical and psychological dependence, liver cancer/failure, cardiovascular disease, hypogonadism, and sterility.

Question 10

What are the primary risks associated with administering digoxin to a patient with low potassium levels?

Answer 10

Answer: Digoxin toxicity, as low potassium levels increase the risk of toxicity, leading to dysrhythmias.

Question 11

What is the primary risk factor for osteoporosis in women?

Answer 11

Answer: Menopause, particularly due to the decrease in estrogen levels and subsequent bone loss.

Question 12

How does alendronate (Fosamax) work to prevent osteoporosis?

Answer 12

Answer: Alendronate inhibits osteoclastic action, thereby preserving bone tissue and reducing the risk of fractures.

Question 13

What is the recommended administration procedure for alendronate (Fosamax)?

Answer 13

Answer: Alendronate should be taken in an upright position, sitting or standing, with a full glass of water, at least 30 minutes before the first food, beverage, or medication of the day.

Question 14

What is the primary mechanism of action of bicalutamide (Casodex)?

Answer 14

Answer: Bicalutamide blocks androgenic receptor sites at the prostate level, leading to the suppression of androgenic effects and shrinking of the prostate.

Question 15

How does Leuprolide (Lupron) function in the treatment of prostate cancer?

Answer 15

Answer: Leuprolide suppresses pituitary gonadotropin, leading to decreased testosterone production and subsequently shrinking the prostate tumor.

Question 16

What are the main side effects associated with loop diuretics like furosemide?

Answer 16

Answer: Hypokalemia (low potassium levels), hyperglycemia, and orthostatic hypotension are common side effects of loop diuretics.

Question 17

How do potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone (Aldactone) work?

Answer 17

Answer: Potassium-sparing diuretics inhibit aldosterone, leading to reduced sodium reabsorption and potassium retention, thus sparing potassium loss.

Question 18

What is the primary indication for the use of heparin and enoxaparin (Lovenox)?

Answer 18

Answer: Anticoagulation, to prevent or treat blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE).

Question 19

What is the main risk associated with thrombolytic/fibrinolytic drugs like tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)?

Answer 19

Answer: The primary risk is systemic bleeding, as these drugs break down blood clots throughout the body.

Question 20

Which medication is used to treat supraventricular tachycardia by temporarily stopping the heart to correct the heart rate?

Answer 20

Answer: Adenosine is used to temporarily stop the heart (asystole) to reset the heart’s electrical activity and correct the heart rate.

Question 21

What are the primary side effects of beta-blockers?

Answer 21

Answer: Beta-blockers can cause bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, and bronchospasm in susceptible individuals.

Question 22

Which medication is primarily used for panic attacks and anxiety attacks?

Answer 22

Answer: Propranolol is commonly used for its anxiolytic effects in the treatment of panic attacks and anxiety disorders.

Question 23

What is the primary purpose of corticosteroids in the treatment of respiratory conditions?

Answer 23

Answer: Corticosteroids reduce inflammation in the airways, making them effective in treating conditions like asthma, COPD, and allergic reactions.

Question 24

How does albuterol function as a bronchodilator?

Answer 24

Answer: Albuterol stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the airway smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation and relief of symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath.

Question 25

Which medication is used for opioid reversal via competitive inhibition?

Answer 25

Answer: Naloxone competitively inhibits opioid receptors, reversing the effects of opioids such as respiratory depression and sedation.

Question 26

What is the primary action of flumazenil?

Answer 26

Answer: Flumazenil competitively inhibits the effects of benzodiazepines by binding to their receptors, thus reversing their sedative and anxiolytic effects.

Question 27

Which medication is an inhaled anticholinergic used for bronchodilation?

Answer 27

Answer: Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator used to relax the muscles around the airways, making breathing easier.

Question 28

What is the primary purpose of leukotriene modifiers like montelukast?

Answer 28

Answer: Montelukast blocks leukotriene receptors, reducing inflammation in the airways and improving symptoms in conditions like asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Question 29

Which medication is an alpha-1 blocker commonly used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Answer 29

Answer: Tamsulosin is an alpha-1 blocker that relaxes the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, improving urine flow in BPH.