Deck 2 Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of leukotriene modifiers like montelukast?
Answer: To block leukotriene receptors and treat inflammation.
Which medication is an alpha-1 blocker commonly used for BPH?
Answer: Tamsulosin.
Which medication can inhibit the effectiveness of oral contraceptives?
Answer: Rifampin (TB medication).
What is the primary risk associated with oral contraceptives?
Answer: Increased risk of blood clots, especially in smokers.
What is the primary use of leuprolide (Leupron)?
Answer: To shrink the prostate in BPH or prostate cancer.
What are the common side effects of furosemide (Lasix)?
Answer: Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and orthostatic hypotension.
Which medication is used to treat anemia secondary to end-stage kidney disease?
Answer: Erythropoietin.
What is the primary purpose of androgen steroids like testosterone?
Answer: To increase libido, energy level, muscle strength, and bone density.
What are the potential risks associated with anabolic steroid abuse?
Answer: Physical and psychological dependence, liver cancer/failure, cardiovascular disease, hypogonadism, and sterility.
What are the primary risks associated with administering digoxin to a patient with low potassium levels?
Answer: Digoxin toxicity, as low potassium levels increase the risk of toxicity, leading to dysrhythmias.
What is the primary risk factor for osteoporosis in women?
Answer: Menopause, particularly due to the decrease in estrogen levels and subsequent bone loss.
How does alendronate (Fosamax) work to prevent osteoporosis?
Answer: Alendronate inhibits osteoclastic action, thereby preserving bone tissue and reducing the risk of fractures.
What is the recommended administration procedure for alendronate (Fosamax)?
Answer: Alendronate should be taken in an upright position, sitting or standing, with a full glass of water, at least 30 minutes before the first food, beverage, or medication of the day.
What is the primary mechanism of action of bicalutamide (Casodex)?
Answer: Bicalutamide blocks androgenic receptor sites at the prostate level, leading to the suppression of androgenic effects and shrinking of the prostate.
How does Leuprolide (Lupron) function in the treatment of prostate cancer?
Answer: Leuprolide suppresses pituitary gonadotropin, leading to decreased testosterone production and subsequently shrinking the prostate tumor.
What are the main side effects associated with loop diuretics like furosemide?
Answer: Hypokalemia (low potassium levels), hyperglycemia, and orthostatic hypotension are common side effects of loop diuretics.
How do potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone (Aldactone) work?
Answer: Potassium-sparing diuretics inhibit aldosterone, leading to reduced sodium reabsorption and potassium retention, thus sparing potassium loss.
What is the primary indication for the use of heparin and enoxaparin (Lovenox)?
Answer: Anticoagulation, to prevent or treat blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE).
What is the main risk associated with thrombolytic/fibrinolytic drugs like tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)?
Answer: The primary risk is systemic bleeding, as these drugs break down blood clots throughout the body.
Which medication is used to treat supraventricular tachycardia by temporarily stopping the heart to correct the heart rate?
Answer: Adenosine is used to temporarily stop the heart (asystole) to reset the heart’s electrical activity and correct the heart rate.
What are the primary side effects of beta-blockers?
Answer: Beta-blockers can cause bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, and bronchospasm in susceptible individuals.
Which medication is primarily used for panic attacks and anxiety attacks?
Answer: Propranolol is commonly used for its anxiolytic effects in the treatment of panic attacks and anxiety disorders.
What is the primary purpose of corticosteroids in the treatment of respiratory conditions?
Answer: Corticosteroids reduce inflammation in the airways, making them effective in treating conditions like asthma, COPD, and allergic reactions.
How does albuterol function as a bronchodilator?
Answer: Albuterol stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the airway smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation and relief of symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath.
Which medication is used for opioid reversal via competitive inhibition?
Answer: Naloxone competitively inhibits opioid receptors, reversing the effects of opioids such as respiratory depression and sedation.
What is the primary action of flumazenil?
Answer: Flumazenil competitively inhibits the effects of benzodiazepines by binding to their receptors, thus reversing their sedative and anxiolytic effects.
Which medication is an inhaled anticholinergic used for bronchodilation?
Answer: Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator used to relax the muscles around the airways, making breathing easier.
What is the primary purpose of leukotriene modifiers like montelukast?
Answer: Montelukast blocks leukotriene receptors, reducing inflammation in the airways and improving symptoms in conditions like asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Which medication is an alpha-1 blocker commonly used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Answer: Tamsulosin is an alpha-1 blocker that relaxes the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, improving urine flow in BPH.
