Deck 1

Question 1

#

Answer 1

Comment – anything after this does not get read by computer

Question 2

print()

Answer 2

Print function. Computer will “speak” the words inside this, as long as there are quotation marks around the words

Question 3

strings

Answer 3

Blocks of text. Must have either “double” or ‘single’ quotation marks around them. Must be consistent with either double or single all the way through.

Question 4

variable

Answer 4

Assigns string of data to this using equal sign. Data is stored for later use. Must use quotation marks for strings. this = “the string of data to be stored”
print(this) –outputs– the string of data to be stored

Question 5

variable rules

Answer 5

Can’t have spaces or symbols other than underscore (_). Cannot begin with number, although can have numbers in it.

Question 6

reserved words a

Answer 6

and
as
assert

Question 7

reserved words b

Answer 7

break

Question 8

reserved words c

Answer 8

class 
continue

Question 9

reserved words d

Answer 9

def 
del

Question 10

reserved words e

Answer 10

elif
else
except

Question 11

reserved words f

Answer 11

finally
for
from

Question 12

reserved words g

Answer 12

global

Question 13

reserved words i

Answer 13

if
import
in
is

Question 14

reserved words l

Answer 14

lambda

Question 15

reserved words n

Answer 15

nonlocal

not

Question 16

reserved words o

Answer 16

or

Question 17

reserved words p

Answer 17

pass

Question 18

reserved words r

Answer 18

raise

return

Question 19

reserved words t

Answer 19

try

Question 20

reserved words w

Answer 20

while

with

Question 21

reserved words y

Answer 21

yield

Question 22

> > >

Answer 22

interactive chevron prompt. this prompt is the Python interpreter’s way of asking you, “What do you want me to do next?” Python is ready to have a conversation with you.

Question 23

quit()

Answer 23

the proper way to say “good-bye” to Python. enter at interactive chevron prompt.

Question 24

script

Answer 24

python file

Question 25

.py

Answer 25

file extension for python scripts, what python files are saved as

Question 26

$

Answer 26

operating system prompt

Question 27

numbers

Answer 27

numbers without quotation marks make them math-y and can be used in math operations

Question 28

+

Answer 28

adds stuff together, both numbers and words

Question 29

-

Answer 29

subtracts stuff

Question 30

*

Answer 30

multiplies

Question 31

/

Answer 31

divides

Question 32

reserved words

Answer 32

we must use these words to mean the thing that python expects them to mean, so we cannot use them in variables or such

Question 33

len()

Answer 33

function that tells you how many characters are in a string OR how many items are in a list

print(len(list))
print(len(string))

Question 34

integers

Answer 34

whole numbers (including negatives)

Question 35

float

Answer 35

numbers with decimals, or fractions, etc.

Question 36

int()

Answer 36

converts a string to a number

Question 37

boolean

Answer 37

term for a value that is either True or False, or Yes or No

Question 38

True

Answer 38

equal to 1

Question 39

False

Answer 39

equal to 0

Question 40

boolean expression

Answer 40

a combination of booleans (and comparison operators) that evaluates to True or False, or Yes or No

Question 41

and

Answer 41

A boolean operator. An expression with ‘and’ evaluates to True if and only if both parts of the expression are True

Question 42

or

Answer 42

A boolean operator. True if either side of the expression is true.

Question 43

not

Answer 43

Negates a boolean value and makes it the opposite of whatever it currently is

Question 44

if

Answer 44

If statements. They allow a python program to make decisions based on boolean expressions. The code following keyword if must be a boolean expression.
if boolean statement : (equates to true or false)
print(‘whatever’) executes “then statement” if true

Question 45

code is executed in an if statement

Answer 45

when the condition is True

Question 46

elif

Answer 46

chains multiple conditions together
if 
elif 
elif 
(only one value outputs, not all three as would happen if all were if)

Question 47

else

Answer 47

when if condition is false, else block will be executed
added at end of an if block

statement

if statement :
then statement (runs if true)
else :
then statement (runs if false)

final statement

Question 48

list

Answer 48

contains values that are accessed by indexes [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] mix of numbers and words, words must be in quotes , commas between can be strings, integers, floats, etc.
var = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] [ ] makes it a list

Question 49

index

Answer 49

first value is at index 0 indexes are list values [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

Question 50

printing lists

Answer 50

print(listname) prints everything including parenthesis
phillies = [“aaron”, 27, “bryce”, 3, “jt”, 10]
print(phillies)
[“aaron”, 27, “bryce”, 3, “jt”, 10]
print index values to get individual entries
print(phillies[0])
aaron
print(phillies[1])
27

Question 51

append()

Answer 51

adds a value to a list
print(listname)
listname.append(‘new entry’)

Question 52

pop()

Answer 52

deletes a value from the list, will delete last one unless specified 
listname = ["a", "b", "c"]
listname.pop()
print(listname)
["a", "b"]

listname = [“a”, “b”, “c”]
listname.pop(0)
print(listname)
{“b”, “c”]

Question 53

in

Answer 53

tests whether list contains a value, will output True or False
listname = [“kiwi”, 4, “grape”, 5, “basket”]
print(“grape” in listname)
True
print(“apple” in listname)
False

Question 54

dictionary

Answer 54

a collection of key-value pairs, an associative array 
dictname = {
   "key": "value", 
   "entry": "definition", 
   "a": "b"
}

Question 55

printing a dictionary

Answer 55

print(dictname)

Question 56

key

Answer 56

first entry in a dictionary pair surrounded by quotes, followed by colon

Question 57

value

Answer 57

second entry in a dictionary pair surrounded by quotes, separated by comma

Question 58

accessing value of a key

Answer 58

x = dictname[“key”]

print(x)

Question 59

getting value of a key

Answer 59

x = dictname.get(“key”)

print(x)

Question 60

overwriting value in a dictionary

Answer 60

names = {“John” : “Doe”}
names[“John”] = “Smith”
print(names)

dictname = {“key” : “oldvalue”}
dictname[“key”] = “newvalue”
print(dictname)

Question 61

**

Answer 61

power

Question 62

%

Answer 62

remainder/modulo does the division, but gives the remainder instead of the quotient

Question 63

operator precedence rules

Answer 63

1. Parentheses
2. Exponents
3. Multiplication, Division, and Remainder
4. Addition and Subtraction
5. Left to right

Question 64

float()

Answer 64

converts to floating point

Question 65

input()

Answer 65

a function that allows user input
input(prompt)
x = input(“Enter your name:”)
print(“Hello, “ + x)

Question 66

conditional statements

Answer 66

statement
if statement : (if + boolean statement)
then statement (must be indented by 4 spaces, will run if boolean statement if true; then statement is often print(‘whatever’))
if statement : (if + boolean statement)
then statement (must be indented by 4 spaces, will run if boolean statement if true)

final statement

Question 67

<=

Answer 67

less than or equal to

Question 68

==

Answer 68

equal to

Question 69

> =

Answer 69

greater than or equal to

Question 70

>

Answer 70

greater than

Question 71

!=

Answer 71

not equal

Question 72

indenting in conditional code

Answer 72

indenting is vital to run “then” statements, won’t run without them
4 spaces
can run multiple “then” statement off one “if” statement, as long as they are all indented will run until next non-indented statement
to stay in block of code, maintain/increase indent; to get out of block of code, decrease indent
see colon, indent

Question 73

…<=….

Answer 73

less than

Question 74

try

Answer 74

tries the code paired with except if no exception error, try code will run and except will be ignored if error, except code will run and try will be ignored
try:
code

Question 75

except

Answer 75

runs when exception error occurs in try code usually an error message comes after try: code
except:
code

Question 76

function

Answer 76

a block of organized, reusable code that is used to perform a single, related action

stores for later, like a variable that holds code

some stored code that we use. takes some input and produces an output

Question 77

defining a function

Answer 77

def funcname() : 
   indent- print('whatever')
   indent -print('this thing') 

conditions for function (indented things) will be executed whenever function is called

function ends when de-indented

Question 78

calling function

Answer 78

funcname()

will execute function conditions

Question 79

argument

Answer 79

information can be passed into functions (when called) as this

goes in parenthesis of function name

Question 80

type()

Answer 80

method returns class type of the argument(object) passed as parameter. this function is mostly used for debugging purposes

Question 81

parameter

Answer 81

variable listed inside the parentheses in the function definition

can use if elif else with variable indent 
def greet (lang) : 
indent   if lang == 'es' : 
indx2        print('Hola') 
ind    elif lang == 'fr' :
indx2      print('Bonjour') 
ind    else:
indx2        print('Hello')

Question 82

return

Answer 82

lets a function return a value

def my_function(x) : 
    return 5*x 

print(my_function(3))

15

Question 83

fruitful function

Answer 83

one that produces a return value

Question 84

multiple parameters/arguments

Answer 84

separate with commas

Question 85

for

Answer 85

loop used for iterating (repeating) over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a dictionary, a set, or a string)

fruits = [“apple”, “strawberry”, “cherry”]
for x in fruits:
ind print(x)

Question 86

while

Answer 86

loop used for executing a set of statements as long as a condition is true

Question 87

in

Answer 87

python keyword used to:

a. check if value is present in a sequence (list, range, string, etc.)
b. used to iterate through a sequence in a for loop

Question 88

break

Answer 88

stops the loop, ends the current loop and jumps to the statement immediately following the loop

if x == “whatever” :
ind break

Question 89

continue

Answer 89

ends the current iteration and jumps to the top of the loop and starts the next iteration

if x == “whatever” :
ind continue

Question 90

i

Answer 90

variable for integer iteration

Question 91

counting in a loop

Answer 91

to count how many times we execute a loop, we introduce a counter variable that starts at 0 and we add one to it each time through the loop

count = 0 
print('Before', count) 
for thing in [n1, n2, n3, n4, n5] : 
ind count = count + 1 
ind print(count, thing) 
print ('After', count)

Question 92

summing in a loop

Answer 92

to add up a value we encounter in a loop, we introduce a sum variable that starts at 0 and we add the value to the sum each time through the loop

total = 0 
print ('Before', total) 
for thing in [n1, n2, n3, n4, n5] : 
ind    total = total + thing 
ind   print = (total, thing) 
print ('After', total)

Question 93

finding the average in a loop

Answer 93

an average just combines the counting and sum patterns and divides when the loop is done

count = 0 
sum = 0 
print ('Before', count, sum) 
for value in [n1, n2, n3, n4, n5] : 
ind count = count + 1 
ind sum = sum + value 
ind print (count, sum, value) 
print ('After', count, sum, sum / count)

Question 94

filtering in a loop

Answer 94

we use an if statement in the loop to catch/filter the values we are looking for

print('Before')
for value in [n1, n2, n3, n4, n5] : 
ind    if value > 20 : 
indent2        print 'Large number' ,value 
print ('After')

Question 95

search using a boolean variable

Answer 95

If we just want to search and know if a value was found, we use a variable that starts at False and is set to True as soon as we find what we are looking for

found = False 
print('Before', found) 
for value in [n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6] : 
ind    if value == n4 : 
indent2        found = True 
ind    print(found, value) 
print('After', found)

Question 96

None

Answer 96

absence of a value variable

Question 97

finding the smallest value

Answer 97

the first time through the loop smallest is None, so we take the first value to be the smallest

smallest = None 
print('Before') 
for value in [n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6] : 
ind    if smallest is None : 
indent2        smallest = value 
ind    elif value < smallest : 
indent2        smallest = value 
ind    print {smallest, value) 
print('After', smallest)

Question 98

is

Answer 98

operator that can be used in logical expressions
implies “is the same as”
similar to, but stronger than ==
returns True if both variables are the same object

Question 99

is not

Answer 99

also a logical operator

returns True if both variables are not the same object

Question 100

index operator

Answer 100

access each letter in a string with an index that starts at 0

in square brackets, pronounced ‘sub’

fruit = ‘banana’
letter = fruit[1]
print(letter)
a

banana
012345

Question 101

looping through strings (indeterminate)

Answer 101

using a while statement and an iteration variable, and the len function, we can construct a loop to look at each of the letters in a string individually

fruit = 'banana' 
index = 0
while index < len(fruit) : 
ind    letter = fruit[index] 
ind    print(index, letter) 
ind    index = index + 1

0 b
1  a 
2 n
3 a
4 n
5 a

Question 102

looping through string (determinate)

Answer 102

a definite loop using a for statement, the iteration variable is completely taken care by the for loop

fruit = 'banana' 
for letter in fruit : 
ind    print(letter) 

b
a
n
a
n
a

Question 103

looping and counting number of things

Answer 103

counting number of ‘a’s in banana -

word = 'banana' 
count = 0 
for letter in word : 
ind    if letter == 'a' : 
indent2       count = count + 1 
print (count)

Question 104

slicing strings

Answer 104

can look at any continuous section of a string using a colon operator
the second number is one beyond the end of the slice - “up to but not including”
if the second number is beyond the end of the string, it stops at the end
if we leave off first number the last number of the slice, it is assumed to be the beginning or end of the string respectively

>>> s = 'Monty Python' 
>>> print(s[0:4]) 
Mont 
>>> print(s[6:7])
p 
>>> print(s[6:20])
Python 

Monty Python
1234567891011

>>> s = 'Monty Python' 
>>> print(s[:2])
Mo 
>>> print(s[8:]) 
thon 
>>> print(s[:])
Monty Python

Question 105

string concatenation

Answer 105

applying + operator to strings, must add spaces in separately

a = ‘Hello’
b = a + ‘There”
print(b)

c = a + ‘ ‘ + ‘There’
print(c)

Question 106

in as a logical operator

Answer 106

the in keyword can also be used to check to see if one string is “in” another string
the in expression is a logical expression that returns True or False and can be used in an if statement

fruit = ‘banana’
‘n’ in fruit
True

‘m’ in fruit
False

‘nan’ in fruit
True

if ‘a’ in fruit:
ind print(‘Found it!’)
Found it!
‘

Question 107

string comparison

Answer 107

uppercase letters are less than lowercase letters

if word == ‘banana’ :
print(‘All right, bananas.’)

if word < ‘banana’:
print(‘Your word,’ + word + ‘, comes before banana.’)
elif word > ‘banana’:
print(‘Your word,’ + word + ‘, comes after banana.’)
else:
print(‘All right, bananas.’)

Question 108

objects

Answer 108

variables that have capabilities that are grafted on or built into them
(strings are objects)

Question 109

method

Answer 109

function that belongs to/built into an object

Question 110

dir

Answer 110

lists methods available for an object

dir(object)

Question 111

string functions

Answer 111

functions built into strings
invoke them by appending the function to the string variable
functions do not modify original string, they return a new string that been altered

Question 112

string library

Answer 112

where the string functions are

Question 113

.lower()

Answer 113

makes string lowercase

> > > greet = ‘Hello Bob’
zap = greet.lower( )
print(zap)
hello bob

> > > print(‘Hi There’.lower())
hi there

Question 114

\n

Answer 114

new line

Question 115

\t

Answer 115

new tab

Question 116

'

Answer 116

puts single quote in a single-quoted string

Question 117

"

Answer 117

puts double quote in a double-quoted string

Question 118

:=

Answer 118

Walrus Operator (assignment expression operator) 
assigns variables in the middle of expressions