Deck 1 Flashcards
To see if it works
What are the nerve roots of the Axillary nerve?
C5,6
Fracture Patterns
- Transverse (<30 degrees) high energy
- Oblique (30-60 degrees)
- Butterfly
- Segmental
- Spiral (rotational force, low energy)
- Comminuted (complex, more than 2 fracture segments
- Avulsion (tendon, ligament pulls off bone fragments)
- compression
- Greenstick
- Pathologic
Name the reasons for splinting
- Reduces pain and
X-ray Rule of 2s
2 sides: left and right
2 views: AP + lateral
2 joints: joint above + joint below
2 times: before and after reduction
Valgus shape?
>
Varus shape?
<>
Indications for open reduction?
NO CAST
Non-Union Open fracture Neurovascular compromise Displaced Intrarticular fracture Salter Harris 3,4,5 PolyTrauma
What are the early local fracture complications
_ Compartement syndrome
- Neurological injury
- Vascular injury
- Infection
- Fracture blisters
- Implant failure
- Visceral injury
What are the late local complications of fractures?
- Malunion
- Nonunion
- AVN
- Osteomyelitis
- Post Traumatic OA
- Joint stiffness
- CRPS Type 1/ RSD
(complex regional pain syndrome Type 1,
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome)
What are the systemic complications of fractures?
- Sepsis
- DVT
- PE
- ARDS secondary to fat embolism
- Hemorrhagic shock
What is Radiculopathy (cervical spine)
Impingement of the nerve root
Myelopathy
Impingement of the spinal cord
Compression test? (C-spine)
Pressure on the head worsens Radiculopathy
Distraction test? (c-spine)
Traction on head improves/relieves Radiculopathy
Valsalva test? (In cspine)
Valsalva maneuver worsens radicular pain
Volar slab indications
- Forearm and wrist fractures with significant swelling
- Wrist sprains and fractures
- Undisplaced metacarpal fractures
Complications of Immobilization in the Old
- Delirium
- Dehydration
- Depression
- Pneumonia
- PE/DVT
- Constipation and Paralytic ileus
- UTI
- Contractures, Stiffness
- Pressure sores
Complications of anterior shoulder dislocation
- Recurrent dislocation (most common)
- Rotator cuff injury/tear
- Joint stiffness
- Hill-Sachs
- Bankhart
- SLAP lesion
- Brachial plexus, axillary nn injury
- Axillary aa injury
SLAP acronym?
Superior labral tear from anterior to posterior
Bigliani classification?
Type 1: Flat
Type 2: Curved
Type 3: Hooked
Jobe’s test
Shoulder in 90 degree abduction Then 30 degree forward flexion Then Internal rotation (thumbs pointing to floor)
Weakness with active resistance suggest supraspinatus tear
The lift off test is used to test which muscle?
Subscapularis
Which test can one use to test infraspinatous and teres minor
Posterior cuff test
Degrees at which pain occurs in Neers test?
130-170
FOOSH
Fall On Out Stretched Hand
Clavicle fracture; when to consider ORIF
> 2cm shortening (medial and middle 3rd)
Displaced distal 3rd
What are the foreign body removal principles?
1) patient must be fully anesthetized
2) bloodless field
3) sterile conditions
4) extend wound properly
5) c-arm x.ray available
6) good night
7) good assistant
