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Ortho Flashcards > Deck 1 > Flashcards

Deck 1 Flashcards

To see if it works

1
Q

What are the nerve roots of the Axillary nerve?

A

C5,6

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2
Q

Fracture Patterns

A
  • Transverse (<30 degrees) high energy
  • Oblique (30-60 degrees)
  • Butterfly
  • Segmental
  • Spiral (rotational force, low energy)
  • Comminuted (complex, more than 2 fracture segments
  • Avulsion (tendon, ligament pulls off bone fragments)
  • compression
  • Greenstick
  • Pathologic
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3
Q

Name the reasons for splinting

A
  1. Reduces pain and
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4
Q

X-ray Rule of 2s

A

2 sides: left and right
2 views: AP + lateral
2 joints: joint above + joint below
2 times: before and after reduction

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5
Q

Valgus shape?

A

>

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6
Q

Varus shape?

A

<>

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7
Q

Indications for open reduction?

A

NO CAST

Non-Union
Open fracture
Neurovascular compromise
Displaced Intrarticular fracture
Salter Harris 3,4,5
PolyTrauma
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8
Q

What are the early local fracture complications

A

_ Compartement syndrome

  • Neurological injury
  • Vascular injury
  • Infection
  • Fracture blisters
  • Implant failure
  • Visceral injury
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9
Q

What are the late local complications of fractures?

A
  • Malunion
  • Nonunion
  • AVN
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Post Traumatic OA
  • Joint stiffness
  • CRPS Type 1/ RSD

(complex regional pain syndrome Type 1,
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome)

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10
Q

What are the systemic complications of fractures?

A
  • Sepsis
  • DVT
  • PE
  • ARDS secondary to fat embolism
  • Hemorrhagic shock
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11
Q

What is Radiculopathy (cervical spine)

A

Impingement of the nerve root

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12
Q

Myelopathy

A

Impingement of the spinal cord

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13
Q

Compression test? (C-spine)

A

Pressure on the head worsens Radiculopathy

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14
Q

Distraction test? (c-spine)

A

Traction on head improves/relieves Radiculopathy

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15
Q

Valsalva test? (In cspine)

A

Valsalva maneuver worsens radicular pain

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16
Q

Volar slab indications

A
  • Forearm and wrist fractures with significant swelling
  • Wrist sprains and fractures
  • Undisplaced metacarpal fractures
17
Q

Complications of Immobilization in the Old

A
  • Delirium
  • Dehydration
  • Depression
  • Pneumonia
  • PE/DVT
  • Constipation and Paralytic ileus
  • UTI
  • Contractures, Stiffness
  • Pressure sores
18
Q

Complications of anterior shoulder dislocation

A
  1. Recurrent dislocation (most common)
  2. Rotator cuff injury/tear
  3. Joint stiffness
  4. Hill-Sachs
  5. Bankhart
  6. SLAP lesion
  7. Brachial plexus, axillary nn injury
  8. Axillary aa injury
19
Q

SLAP acronym?

A

Superior labral tear from anterior to posterior

20
Q

Bigliani classification?

A

Type 1: Flat
Type 2: Curved
Type 3: Hooked

21
Q

Jobe’s test

A 
Shoulder in 90 degree abduction
Then
30 degree forward flexion
Then 
Internal rotation (thumbs pointing to floor)

Weakness with active resistance suggest supraspinatus tear

22
Q

The lift off test is used to test which muscle?

A

Subscapularis

23
Q

Which test can one use to test infraspinatous and teres minor

A

Posterior cuff test

24
Q

Degrees at which pain occurs in Neers test?

A

130-170

25
Q

FOOSH

A

Fall On Out Stretched Hand

26
Q

Clavicle fracture; when to consider ORIF

A

> 2cm shortening (medial and middle 3rd)

Displaced distal 3rd

27
Q

What are the foreign body removal principles?

A

1) patient must be fully anesthetized
2) bloodless field
3) sterile conditions
4) extend wound properly
5) c-arm x.ray available
6) good night
7) good assistant

Ortho Flashcards (3 decks)

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