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ifr facts > Deck 1 > Flashcards

Deck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Wind speed direction temperature 781939

A

Wind direction over 36 subtract 50 from direction and add 100 kts to wind speed. 280 119 kts -39 C

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2
Q

Alternate airport requirements

A

Not all airports can be used as alternate airports. An airport may not be qualified for alternate use if the airport NAVAID is unmonitored, is Global Positioning System (GPS) based (unless plane is waas capable), or if it does not have weather reporting capabilities. For an airport to be used as an alternate, the forecast weather at that airport must meet certain qualifications at the estimated time of arrival. Standard alternate minimums for a precision approach are a 600-foot ceiling and 2 SM visibility. For a non-precision approach, the minimums are an 800-foot ceiling and 2 SM visibility. Standard alternate minimums apply unless higher alternate minimums are listed for an airport.

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3
Q

MRA

A

Minimum reception altitude. To do, copy def.

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4
Q

Ifr off airway flight over mountainous terrain.

A

2000’ above terrain within 4 norm

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5
Q

MEA

A

Minimum Enroute IFR Altitude (MEA): The lowest published altitude between radio fixes which assures acceptable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes. The MEA prescribed for a Federal airway or segment thereof, area navigation low or high route or other direct route applies to the entire width of the airway, segment, or route between the radio fixes defining the airway, segment, or route.

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6
Q

Oxygen

A

12501 to 14000 required if longer than 30 min 14001 to 15000 pilot required Above 15000 everyone required

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7
Q

Airspeed notify arc

A

10 knots or 10% change average tas

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8
Q

Typical class b airspace top

A

10,000

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9
Q

Altimeter change with baromsetting

A

10’ per .01” of mercury. Higher baro setting indicates higher altitude. Set to 29.92 actual 30.26 will read 340’ lower than actual.

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10
Q

Three fundamental skills of aircraft instrument fling.

A
  1. Cross check 2. Instrument Interpretation 3. Aircraft Control
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11
Q

What prolongs hazard of wake turbulence for longest period

A

Light quartering tail wind

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12
Q

No waas gps codes

A

TSO-C129() and TSO-C196() This means you need alternate source of navigation.

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13
Q

Gps approach filing restriction

A

Non waas gps equipped aircraft can’t use gps at primary and alternate.

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14
Q

Class e visibility requirements vfr on top.

A

More than 10,000 is 5-111. 5 miles vis, 1000 ft above, 1000 ft below, 1 mile horizontal. Less than 10,000 is 3-152. 3 miles vis, 1000 ft above, 500 ft below, 2000 ft horizontal. Class e is controlled but not within a,b,c, or d.

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15
Q

Skid slip and ball

A

Skid. Pilot feels force to outside of turn, ball goes to outside. Slip. Pilot feels force to inside of turn, ball goes to inside. Both cases step on ball to correct.

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16
Q

For receiver check done by comparing two vor receivers against each other.

A

Checked against same receiver 4 degree difference on ground, 6 degree in the air. Remember from/to conversion is +/-180.

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17
Q

First place ice forms

A

Tail plane

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18
Q

Altitude corrections

A

100 ft or less -half bar pitch 100 ft or more - full bar pitch

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19
Q

Level off from a descent

A

Lead by 10% of descent rate

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20
Q

Clear ice formation

A

Supercooled liquid at just above freezing temps, large amount of water vapor, aircraft at high speeds.

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21
Q

To ensure proper airspace protection in a holding pattern what are maximum airspeeds for different altitudes

A

265 knots

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22
Q

Non radar climb or descent procedure

A

Descend or climb at an optimum rate consistent with the operating characteristics of the aircraft to 1,000 feet above or below the assigned altitude, and then attempt to descend or climb at a rate of between 500 and 1,500 fpm until the assigned altitude is reached. If at anytime the pilot is unable to climb or descend at a rate of at least 500 feet a minute, advise ATC.

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23
Q

Vfr cruising altitude

A

East (0-179) fly odd 1000 plus 500 starting at 3500. West (180 to 359) fly even 1000 plus 500 starting at 4500. Based on course, not heading.

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24
Q

Special vfr

A

1 mile visibility, clear of clouds.

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25
Q

2 bar casino

A

RED OVER WHITE = YOU’RE ALRIGHT WHITE OVER WHITE = YOU’LL FLY ALL NIGHT RED OVER RED = MAY END UP DEAD

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26
Q

Ice accumulation aircraft

A

Wind tunnel and flight tests indicate that ice, frost, or snow formations on the leading edge and upper surface of a wing, having a thickness and surface roughness similar to medium or coarse sandpaper, can reduce wing lift by as much as 30 percent and increase drag by 40 percent. These changes in lift and drag will significantly increase stall speed, reduce controllability and alter aircraft flight characteristics.

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27
Q

Class g vfr visibility requirements

A

10,000 to 17’999 - 5-111. 5 sm vis, 1000’ above, 1000’ below. 1 mile horizontal. Below 10,000 msl - 3-152 night, 1-152 day. 1000 ft abov, 500 below, 2000 horizontal.

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28
Q

Typical class d airspace

A

2,500’ AGL 4 mm radius

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29
Q

Holding pattern issued by act in lue of a procedure turn.

A

A holding pattern in lieu of procedure turn may be specified for course reversal in some procedures. In such cases, the holding pattern is established over an intermediate fix or a final approach fix. The holding pattern distance or time specified in the profile view must be observed. Maximum holding airspeed limitations as set forth for all holding patterns apply.

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30
Q

What to be aware of in temperature inversion.

A

A concentrated shear zone and turbulence can develop in the stable air associated with a temperature inversion when strong vertical shear is present above the inversion. This condition can cause abrupt airspeed changes for aircraft as they climb or descend through the inversion layer.

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31
Q

To avoid icing when flying through stratiform clouds.

A

Change altitude to just above freezing or 10 degrees below freezing.

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32
Q

Drift correction on instrument approach

A

Should be established before reaching outer marker, afterwards no more than 2 degree correction.

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33
Q

Floor of class e airspace on federal airway

A

1200

34
Q

Increase in weight of 10% results in increase of landing distance of

A

10%

35
Q

REIL

A

RUNWAY END IDENTIFIER LIGHTS (REIL) REILs are installed at many airfields to provide rapid and positive identification of the approach end of a particular runway. The system consists of a pair of synchronized flashing lights located laterally on each side of the runway threshold. REILs may be either omnidirectional or unidirectional facing the approach area. They are effective for: Identification of a runway surrounded by a preponderance of other lighting. Identification of a runway which lacks contrast with surrounding terrain. Identification of a runway during reduced visibility.

36
Q

Ice forms on the underside of the wing

A

During high angle of attack (climb) and results in increased drag.

37
Q

Recovery from nose high altitude

A

Add power, level wings, pitch down.

38
Q

When switching to alt static

A

The altimeter will read higher than normal, airspeed greater than normal, and the VSI will momentarily show a climb if we select an alternate source of static pressure vented inside the airplane.

39
Q

Feet per nautical mile

A

6076

40
Q

Feet per statute mile

A

5280

41
Q

To level off at a speed higher than the descent speed, assuming a 500 fpm descent, old power be added?

A

100 to 150’ prior to level off

42
Q

Icing types, code, and cause

A

Rime (RM) rough milky ice formed by instantaneous freezing of small supercooled droplets. Clear (CLR) a glossy clear translucent ice formed by relatively slow freezing of,large supercooled droplets. Mixed (MX) combination of above

43
Q

Icing reporting types

A

(NEG) no icing Trace (TRACE) ice accumulation is barely perceptible. Rate of accumulation is slightly greater than rate of sublimation. Not hazardous unless encountered for more than 1 hour. Light (LGT) rate of accumulation may pose an issue if flight in this condition is more than 1 hour. Occasional use of depicting equipment eliminates ice. No problem if anti ice equipment used. Moderate (MOD) rate of accumulation is such that even short encounters become hazardous. Use of anti-ice equipment or diversion is required. Severe (SEV) rate of accumulation is such that deciding equipment fails to control the hazard. Immediate diversion required.

44
Q

When switching to alt static

A

Altitude will read higher, air speed faster, vis will momentarily show a climb.

45
Q

When recovering from unusual attitude without the attitude indicator, approximate level pitch is met when

A

Airspeed and altimeter stop movement, VSI momentarily reduces trend.

46
Q

Taxiway to runway hold short lines are

A

4 yellow lines Dashed on the runway side

47
Q

When an aircraft is accelerate some attitude indicators will process and show a

A

Climb

48
Q

Skid

A

Ball opposite turn. Airplane is skidding away from turn. Less rudder pressure to inside of turn.

49
Q

Slip

A

Ball on same side of the turn Plane slipping down into the turn More rudder that side of the turn

50
Q

Constant bank turn increase air speed

A

Rate of turn decreases, radius of turn increases

51
Q

After cycling boots residual ice remains that will increase…

A

At lower speeds and lower temperatures.

52
Q

Troposphere altitude

A

20k at poles 65k at equator 37k average

53
Q

Advection fog

A

Warm moist air blown over cold water

54
Q

Upslope fog

A

War moist Air blown up slope. As altitude increases air expands, cools, and condenses.

55
Q

High clouds consist of

A

Mostly ice crystals. Cirrus clouds. 16k’ to 45k’ at mid latitudes.

56
Q

Radiation fog

A

Warm moist air over flat areas on clear calm nights

57
Q

Fog abundant in industrial areas because of

A

Abundant amount of nuclei

58
Q

Why relationship exists between winds at 2000’ vs. winds on the ground

A

Winds at 2000’ parallel isobars Surface winds cross isobars at an angle toward the lower pressure and are weaker.

59
Q

Jet stream winds in mid latitudes

A

Are stronger and move further south in the winter.

60
Q

IFR pattern entry

A
61
Q

VFR, marginal VFR, IFR, Low IFR

A

Magenta Low IFR = < 500, < 1 mile

RED IFR = 500 to 1000’, 1-3 miles.

BLUE Marginal VFR = 1,000 to 3,000’, 3-5 miles

GREEN VFR > 3000’ and > 5 miles

62
Q

When to file an alternate airport

A

1, 2, 3 rule

1 hour either side of the arrival

Weather is forecast to be at least 2000’

and 3 miles visability

63
Q

Standard alternate minimums

A

600’ and 2 sm visibility for precision approaches

800’ and 2 sm visibility for non-precision approaches.

64
Q

4 families of clouds

A

High, middle, low, and those with extensive vertical development.

65
Q

Temperature in the tropopause

A

-55 to -65

66
Q

A temperature inversion forms in

A

Stable air

67
Q

Advection fog

A

warm moiste air moving over cold land or water

68
Q

Dry adiabatic lapse rate

A

3 degrees c per thousand feet.

The rate of decrease of temperature with height when unsaturated air is lifted adiabatically.

Adiabatic is temperature change due to moving to a lower pressure.

unsaturated air flowing up a slope cools at this rate.

69
Q

Characteristic of stratosphere

A
70
Q

Air mass definition

A

When a body of air comes to rest or moves slowly over an extensive area having fairly uniform properties of temperature and moisture, the air takes on those properties.

71
Q

Squall definition

A

A squall is a sudden increase of at least 15 knots in average wind speed to a sustained speed of 20 knots or more for at least one (1) minute.

72
Q

Wind shear definition

A

Wind shear generates eddies between two wind currents of differing velocities. The differences may be in wind speed, wind direction, or in both. Wind shear may be associated with either a wind shift or a wind speed gradient at any level in the atmosphere. Three conditions are of special interest -

wind shear with a low level temperature inversion,

wind shear in a frontal zone, and

clear air turbulence (CAT) at high levels associated with a jet stream or strong circulation.

73
Q

Jet stream wind

A

50 kts or greater

74
Q

Microburst doowndraft

A

6000 fpm downdraft max

Max 15 min to dissipation

75
Q

Area covered by taf

A

5 am from center of runway complex.

76
Q

Time period of an airmet

A

6 hours

77
Q

Area forecast

A

18 hours and covers several states

78
Q

TAF VRB code

A

winds are 6 kts or less

79
Q

WND in the aviation area forecast means

A

surface wind is forecast to be 20 kts or greater

80
Q

RAE42 means

A

RAE42 means “rain ended 42 past the hour”

81
Q

Primary indicators for pitch, bank, power

A

Altimeter — supplies the most pertinent altitude information and is therefore primary for pitch.

Heading Indicator — supplies the most pertinent bank or heading information, and is primary for bank.

Airspeed Indicator — supplies the most pertinent information concerning performance in level flight in terms of power output, and is primary for power

82
Q

Minimum ifr climb rate

A

200 ft per nautical mile. This s 40:1 ratio.

ifr facts (2 decks)

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