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Heart, Breathing, Lymphatic > Deck 1 > Flashcards

Deck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Myocardium

A

The muscle layer of the heart: its contractions pump blood through the circulatory system

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2
Q

Atria

A

The upper chambers of the heart which receive blood from the body

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3
Q

Ventricle

A

The lower chambers of the heart which pump blood out of the heart

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4
Q

Valves

A

Flaps of connective tissue located between the atria and ventricle and ventricle and blood vessels: they open and close to keep blood moving in one direction

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5
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Right side pumps blood from the heart to the lungs and back again: picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

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6
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Left side pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body: cells absorb most of the oxygen and load the blood with carbon dioxide.

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7
Q

SA Node

A

1) A small group of cardiac muscle fibers (natural pacemaker) is located in the right atrium. When it fires an electrical impulse causes the atria to contract. Then AV Node

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8
Q

AV Node

A

2) A small group of muscle fibers which causes the ventricles to contract.

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9
Q

Arteries

A

Large vessels that carry blood away from the heart

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10
Q

Capillaries

A

Smallest vessels. Their thin walls allow oxygen and nutrients to pass from blood into tissues.

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11
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that return blood to the heart; many contain valves to prevent backflow

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12
Q

Blood pressure

A

A wave of fluid pressure in the arteries

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13
Q

Bundle of His

A

Conducts the AV node electrical impulse to the split of the bundle branches

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14
Q

Left and Right Bundle Branches

A

The split pathway to take the electrical impulse to the left and right ventricle

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15
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

Small fibers in the left and right ventricle that conducts the electrical pulse

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16
Q

How many times does the average adult heart contract in one minute?

A

72 times and 75 milliliters each time

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17
Q

Septem

A

Located between the left and right side and keeps oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood from mixing

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18
Q

Aorta

A

Carries oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle to the body

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19
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Bring oxygen poor blood from the upper body to the right atrium

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20
Q

Right pulmonary veins

A

Bring oxygen-rich blood from the right lung to the left atrium

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21
Q

Right atrium

A

Accepts oxygen-poor blood from the body

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22
Q

Right ventricle

A

Pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

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23
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle; ventricles contract they close - makes the lub dub sound

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24
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Bring oxygen-poor blood from the lower body to the right atrium

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25
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

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26
Q

Left atrium

A

Accepts oxygen rich blood from the lungs

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27
Q

Left pulmonary veins

A

Bring oxygen-rich blood from the left lung to the left atrium

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28
Q

Mitral Valve

A

Between the left atrium and left ventricle; ventricles contract they close - makes the lub dub sound

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29
Q

Aortic valve

A

Valve from the left ventricle to the aorta; ventricles contract they close - makes the lub dub sound

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30
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary veins; ventricles contract they close - makes the lub dub sound

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31
Q

Left ventricle

A

Pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body

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32
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Supply blood to the heart muscle and bring nutrients and oxygen

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33
Q

P Wave

A

Coincides with the spread of electrical activity over the atria and the beginning of its contraction

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34
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Increases heart rate and increases the force of the contraction

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35
Q

QRS Complex

A

Coincides with the spread of electrical activity over the ventricles and the beginning of its contraction

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36
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Decreases the heart rate and the force of the contraction

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37
Q

T Wave

A

Coincides with the recovery phase of the ventricle

38
Q

C6H1206 + 6O2 =

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

39
Q

Circulatory system

A

The system that circulates blood and lymph through the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, blood, lymph, and the lymphatic vessels and glands.

40
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

The heart and the vessels

41
Q

Right side of the heart

A

Brings in oxygen-poor blood and pumps into lungs

42
Q

Left side of the heart

A

Brings in oxygen rich blood and pumps it to the body

43
Q

Pulse

A

Caused by rhythmic change in blood pressure

44
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Due to a blockage in a blood vessel

45
Q

Antibodies

A

What B cells produce; they destroy antigens

46
Q

Blood Pressure

A

A wave of fluid pressure in the arteries

47
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

A hardening of the arteries

48
Q

Sistole/systolic

A

heart beating/top number with blood pressure meaning pressure when heart is beating

49
Q

Diastole/diastolic

A

Heart at rest/bottom number with blood pressure meaning pressure when heart is at rest

50
Q

Universal blood donor

A

Type O

51
Q

Universal recipient

A

Type AB

52
Q

Antigen

A

Molecules that are recognized as foreign to our body (usually bacteria and viruses)

53
Q

Most/least common blood type

A

Most - 0+

Least - AB-

54
Q

Heart Failure

A

When the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the bodies needs

55
Q

Plasma - Characteristics

A

Made of 90% water and 10% minerals, sugar, proteins, and other substances, it is a straw colored liquid where WBC, RBC and platelets are found

56
Q

Plasma - Function

A

Controls body temperature, regulates osmotic pressure and blood volume, fights viruses, is necessary for blood to clot

57
Q

Red Blood Cells - Characteristics

A

Erythrocytes: Most numerous cells in blood, crimson color from hemoglobin, disks that are thinner in the center, circulate for about 120 days

58
Q

Red Blood Cells - Function

A

Transports oxygen with hemoglobin

59
Q

Heart Attack

A

Heart muscle cells die due to lack of oxygen

60
Q

Lymphatic system

A

A collection of organs that collect extracellular fluid and return it to the blood and fight infections

61
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

62
Q

White Blood Cells - Characteristics

A

Leukocytes: not confined to blood vessels and outnumber RBC 1000 to 1

63
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

C6H1206 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

64
Q

White Blood Cells - Function

A

Guard against infections, fight parasites, attack bacteria

65
Q

Hemoglobin

A

A protein that binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in capillary networks

66
Q

Platelets - Characteristics

A

Made of small fragments of bone marrow and become sticky when by open blood vessels

67
Q

Lymph

A

The fluid that is collected by the lymphatic vessels and nodes, it drains into the large neck gains of the cardiovascular system

68
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

Smallest vessels to collect lymph (extracellular fluid) around the cell

69
Q

Bone marrow

A

Place where lymphocytes are made

70
Q

Platelets - Function

A

Works with plasma proteins to clot blood

71
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Small, bean shaped masses of tissues that remove pathogens and dead cells from the lymph. Located in neck, groin and armpits

72
Q

Killer T Cells

A

A lymphocyte that surrounds and destroys pathogens; made in the thymus

73
Q

Lymphocytes

A

A type of white blood cell that helps the body fight pathogens

74
Q

B Cells

A

A lymphocyte that produces antibodies that attach to pathogens and destroy them; made in red bone marrow

75
Q

Spleen

A

Largest lymphatic organ located in upper left of abdomen (purple fist sized): stores and produces lymphocytes and monitors, destroys, stores and produces blood cells

76
Q

Thymus

A

Located behind sternum: produces killer T cells (reduces 2% each year)

77
Q

Tonsils

A

Lymphatic tissue found in nasal cavity and the back of your mouth: defends body against infection, traps pathogens, sometimes they are removed by a surgeon and shrink as you get older

78
Q

Respiration

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment

79
Q

Breathing

A

Inhaling and exhaling air

80
Q

Respiratory system

A

A collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide

81
Q

Nose

A

Main passage way into and out of the respiratory system: hairs filter out large particles, tissue warms the air before it enters the lungs

82
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat: food and drink also travel down the pharynx to the stomach but branches into two tubes: larynx and esophagus

83
Q

Epiglotis

A

Trap door that keeps food out of the larynx

84
Q

Larynx

A

Contains vocal chords which vibrate when air flows over them and make noise

85
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe: a tube that connects the larynx to the lungs

86
Q

Bronchi

A

The two split branches of the trachea that connect to each lung

87
Q

Bronchioles

A

Branches off the bronchi

88
Q

Alveoli

A

Small sacs in the lungs which the bronchioles branch into

89
Q

Alveolus (singular)

A

Where the gases exchange

90
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Heart, Breathing, Lymphatic (1 decks)

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