Deck 1 Flashcards
Myocardium
The muscle layer of the heart: its contractions pump blood through the circulatory system
Atria
The upper chambers of the heart which receive blood from the body
Ventricle
The lower chambers of the heart which pump blood out of the heart
Valves
Flaps of connective tissue located between the atria and ventricle and ventricle and blood vessels: they open and close to keep blood moving in one direction
Pulmonary circulation
Right side pumps blood from the heart to the lungs and back again: picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
Systemic circulation
Left side pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body: cells absorb most of the oxygen and load the blood with carbon dioxide.
SA Node
1) A small group of cardiac muscle fibers (natural pacemaker) is located in the right atrium. When it fires an electrical impulse causes the atria to contract. Then AV Node
AV Node
2) A small group of muscle fibers which causes the ventricles to contract.
Arteries
Large vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries
Smallest vessels. Their thin walls allow oxygen and nutrients to pass from blood into tissues.
Veins
Vessels that return blood to the heart; many contain valves to prevent backflow
Blood pressure
A wave of fluid pressure in the arteries
Bundle of His
Conducts the AV node electrical impulse to the split of the bundle branches
Left and Right Bundle Branches
The split pathway to take the electrical impulse to the left and right ventricle
Purkinje fibers
Small fibers in the left and right ventricle that conducts the electrical pulse
How many times does the average adult heart contract in one minute?
72 times and 75 milliliters each time
Septem
Located between the left and right side and keeps oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood from mixing
Aorta
Carries oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle to the body
Superior Vena Cava
Bring oxygen poor blood from the upper body to the right atrium
Right pulmonary veins
Bring oxygen-rich blood from the right lung to the left atrium
Right atrium
Accepts oxygen-poor blood from the body
Right ventricle
Pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
Tricuspid valve
Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle; ventricles contract they close - makes the lub dub sound
Inferior Vena Cava
Bring oxygen-poor blood from the lower body to the right atrium
Pulmonary arteries
Carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
Left atrium
Accepts oxygen rich blood from the lungs
Left pulmonary veins
Bring oxygen-rich blood from the left lung to the left atrium
Mitral Valve
Between the left atrium and left ventricle; ventricles contract they close - makes the lub dub sound
Aortic valve
Valve from the left ventricle to the aorta; ventricles contract they close - makes the lub dub sound
Pulmonary valve
Valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary veins; ventricles contract they close - makes the lub dub sound
Left ventricle
Pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body
Coronary arteries
Supply blood to the heart muscle and bring nutrients and oxygen
P Wave
Coincides with the spread of electrical activity over the atria and the beginning of its contraction
Sympathetic nervous system
Increases heart rate and increases the force of the contraction
QRS Complex
Coincides with the spread of electrical activity over the ventricles and the beginning of its contraction
Parasympathetic nervous system
Decreases the heart rate and the force of the contraction
T Wave
Coincides with the recovery phase of the ventricle
C6H1206 + 6O2 =
6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Circulatory system
The system that circulates blood and lymph through the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, blood, lymph, and the lymphatic vessels and glands.
Cardiovascular system
The heart and the vessels
Right side of the heart
Brings in oxygen-poor blood and pumps into lungs
Left side of the heart
Brings in oxygen rich blood and pumps it to the body
Pulse
Caused by rhythmic change in blood pressure
Atherosclerosis
Due to a blockage in a blood vessel
Antibodies
What B cells produce; they destroy antigens
Blood Pressure
A wave of fluid pressure in the arteries
Arteriosclerosis
A hardening of the arteries
Sistole/systolic
heart beating/top number with blood pressure meaning pressure when heart is beating
Diastole/diastolic
Heart at rest/bottom number with blood pressure meaning pressure when heart is at rest
Universal blood donor
Type O
Universal recipient
Type AB
Antigen
Molecules that are recognized as foreign to our body (usually bacteria and viruses)
Most/least common blood type
Most - 0+
Least - AB-
Heart Failure
When the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the bodies needs
Plasma - Characteristics
Made of 90% water and 10% minerals, sugar, proteins, and other substances, it is a straw colored liquid where WBC, RBC and platelets are found
Plasma - Function
Controls body temperature, regulates osmotic pressure and blood volume, fights viruses, is necessary for blood to clot
Red Blood Cells - Characteristics
Erythrocytes: Most numerous cells in blood, crimson color from hemoglobin, disks that are thinner in the center, circulate for about 120 days
Red Blood Cells - Function
Transports oxygen with hemoglobin
Heart Attack
Heart muscle cells die due to lack of oxygen
Lymphatic system
A collection of organs that collect extracellular fluid and return it to the blood and fight infections
Hypertension
High blood pressure
White Blood Cells - Characteristics
Leukocytes: not confined to blood vessels and outnumber RBC 1000 to 1
Cellular Respiration
C6H1206 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
White Blood Cells - Function
Guard against infections, fight parasites, attack bacteria
Hemoglobin
A protein that binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in capillary networks
Platelets - Characteristics
Made of small fragments of bone marrow and become sticky when by open blood vessels
Lymph
The fluid that is collected by the lymphatic vessels and nodes, it drains into the large neck gains of the cardiovascular system
Lymphatic capillaries
Smallest vessels to collect lymph (extracellular fluid) around the cell
Bone marrow
Place where lymphocytes are made
Platelets - Function
Works with plasma proteins to clot blood
Lymph nodes
Small, bean shaped masses of tissues that remove pathogens and dead cells from the lymph. Located in neck, groin and armpits
Killer T Cells
A lymphocyte that surrounds and destroys pathogens; made in the thymus
Lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that helps the body fight pathogens
B Cells
A lymphocyte that produces antibodies that attach to pathogens and destroy them; made in red bone marrow
Spleen
Largest lymphatic organ located in upper left of abdomen (purple fist sized): stores and produces lymphocytes and monitors, destroys, stores and produces blood cells
Thymus
Located behind sternum: produces killer T cells (reduces 2% each year)
Tonsils
Lymphatic tissue found in nasal cavity and the back of your mouth: defends body against infection, traps pathogens, sometimes they are removed by a surgeon and shrink as you get older
Respiration
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment
Breathing
Inhaling and exhaling air
Respiratory system
A collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
Nose
Main passage way into and out of the respiratory system: hairs filter out large particles, tissue warms the air before it enters the lungs
Pharynx
Throat: food and drink also travel down the pharynx to the stomach but branches into two tubes: larynx and esophagus
Epiglotis
Trap door that keeps food out of the larynx
Larynx
Contains vocal chords which vibrate when air flows over them and make noise
Trachea
Windpipe: a tube that connects the larynx to the lungs
Bronchi
The two split branches of the trachea that connect to each lung
Bronchioles
Branches off the bronchi
Alveoli
Small sacs in the lungs which the bronchioles branch into
Alveolus (singular)
Where the gases exchange
Diffusion
Movement from an area of high concentration to low concentration
