Deck 1 Flashcards
The most common nutritional cause of developmental & orthopaedic diseases in young horses are:
a. overfeeding of micro minerals Cu, Zn, Mn for the synthesis of metallo enzymes
b. deficit intake of starch, protein and Ca overfeeding and P deficiency
c. high starch and protein intake, Ca deficit and P overfeeding, Cu, Zn, Mn deficit
c. high starch and protein intake, Ca deficit and P overfeeding, Cu, Zn, Mn deficit
The white muscle fibres of horses as the main source of energy use:
a. creatinine, glucose and fatty acids
b. creatine phosphate for ATP production and anaerobic conversion of blood glucose or muscle glycogen breakdown
c. aerobic oxidation of glucose and fatty acids
b. creatine phosphate for ATP production and anaerobic conversion of blood glucose or muscle glycogen breakdown
Enzootic ataxia of lambs manifests itself in:
a. copper deficit or increased content of sulphur and molybdenum
b. Increased intake of copper and reduced intake of sulphur and molybdenum
c. deficit intake of colostrum with a decline in glucose values and body temperature
a. copper deficit or increased content of sulphur and molybdenum
The maximum daily intake of silage with a higher butyric acid in dry matter is:
a. 200 g per day
b. 50 g per day
c. 100g per day
b. 50 g per day
Increased urea in milk is caused by:
a. low content of non-structural carbohydrates (sugars, starch, pectin)
b. increased content of non-structural carbohydrates (sugars, starch, pectin)
c. unbalanced protein intake of the feed ration (high content of crude protein, rumen degradable protein, low content of rumen undegradable protein)
a. low content of non-structural carbohydrates (sugars, starch, pectin)
c. unbalanced protein intake of the feed ration (high content of crude protein, rumen degradable protein, low content of rumen undegradable protein)
The level of colostrum nutrition expressed by the absorption of immunoglobulins is most significantly affected by:
a. the method of colostrum feeding and the amount of colostrum received after parturition
b. the concentration of immunoglobulins and the amount of colostrum produced after parturition
c. the time of feeding of the first colostrum and the amount of received immunoglobulins in the colostrum after parturition
c. the time of feeding of the first colostrum and the amount of received immunoglobulins in the colostrum after parturition
The syndrome of low fat content in milk is caused by:
a. reduced production of VFA and especially acetic acid
b. incomplete biohydrogenation and formation of cis-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid
c. incomplete biohydrogenation and formation of trans-10 cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid
c. incomplete biohydrogenation and formation of trans-10 cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid
A negative energy balance at the beginning and at the peak of lactation affects:
a. increases the level of progesterone with a higher risk of luteolysis
b. stimulates the production of PGF2a for the function of the corpus luteum
c. reduced release of GnRH - for the control axis hypothalamus - hypophysis - ovaries
c. reduced release of GnRH - for the control axis hypothalamus - hypophysis - ovaries
The increased content of fat in milk in the postpartum phase in dairy cows:
a. with an increased content of fibrous carbohydrates in the ration
b. obese dairy cows with increased lipomobilisation
c. with increased fat content in the ration
b. obese dairy cows with increased lipomobilisation
When regulating the pH pf the rumen, the following are used as buffering substances added to the ration/TMR:
a. sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH). magnesium oxide (MgO) in the ration to increase rumen pH
b. sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) stabilises rumen fermentation and prevent acidification, but do not increase rumen pH
c. calcium chloride (CaCl2). ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), calcium sulphate (CaSO4), added in the ration for pH adjustment
b. sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) stabilises rumen fermentation and prevent acidification, but do not increase rumen pH
Increased flatulence and the smell of feces in carnivores is manifested in:
a. intolerance of animals to digest lactose, when feeding dairy products
b. high intake of starch and fibre in the dry matter of the feed
c. high intake and low quality and digestibility of proteins
c. high intake and low quality and digestibility of proteins
Rumen fermentation of carbohydrates:
a. Starch - time 4-5 hours; fermentation range 85-95%
b. NDF - time 16-25 hours; fermentation range 40-70%
c. Sugar - time 2-3 hours; fermentation range 80%
b. NDF - time 16-25 hours; fermentation range 40-70%
c. Sugar - time 2-3 hours; fermentation range 80%
An increased level of NH3 (above 25mg/100ml) in the rumen confirms:
a. decrease in rumen pH and reduced absorption of NH3 through the rumen wall together with increased degradation of microbial proteins
b. increase supply of rumen-degradable proteins and NPN in the feed ration
c. increased supply of carbohydrates and NPN in the feed ration
a. decrease in rumen pH and reduced absorption of NH3 through the rumen wall together with increased degradation of microbial proteins
b. increase supply of rumen-degradable proteins and NPN in the feed ration
The pathogenesis of ketosis in dairy cows takes place:
a. with deficiency of glucogenic nutrients - low level of insulin and high activity of glucagon stimulates B-oxidation of NEFA, which with oxaloacetate deficiency increases ketogenesis
b. in obese dairy cows - high insulin activity and tissue resistance to insulin inhibit B-oxidation and increased synthesis of malonyl-CoA increases ketogenesis
c. with a deficiency of glycogenic nutrients - a low level of insulin and high activity of glucagon stimulates the formation of acetyl CoA, which with sufficient oxaloacetate - increases ketogenesis
a. with deficiency of glucogenic nutrients - low level of insulin and high activity of glucagon stimulates B-oxidation of NEFA, which with oxaloacetate deficiency increases ketogenesis
The largest volume of absorption of VFA through the wall of the rumen into the blood occurs when:
a. active transport of dissociated VFA at rumen pH 6.2 - 6.8
b. active transport of non-dissociated VFA at rumen pH 6.2 - 6.8
c. passive transport of non-dissociated VFA when the rumen drops below pH 6.0
a. active transport of dissociated VFA at rumen pH 6.2 - 6.8
(acc. to chat GPT b & c)
Metabolic regulation of Mg in dairy cows is ensured by:
a. by the kidneys depending on the intake of Mg in the feed ration
b. with undisturbed intake of Mg, the renal threshold regulates the reference values
c. hormonal regulation of PTH action during stimulation of Mg excretion in urine
a. by the kidneys depending on the intake of Mg in the feed ration
In the nutritional prevention of MMA syndrome in sows, the following applies:
a. increasing the fibre content at the level of 8-10% in the dry matter of the feed mixture
b. increase in protein and starch content to support growth and colonisation of the intestinal mucosa
c. increasing the fat content at the level of 4-8% in the dry matter of the feed mixture
a. increasing the fibre content at the level of 8-10% in the dry matter of the feed mixture
Nutritional reasons for the decrease in fat content in milk:
a. increased proportion of fat (incomplete biohydrogenation of fatty acids)
b. reduced content of rumen-active neutral detergent fibre
c. increasing the content of non-fibre carbohydrates - starch
b. reduced content of rumen-active neutral detergent fibre
c. increasing the content of non-fibre carbohydrates - starch
Prebiotics - nutritionally stimulate the growth of probiotic microflora in mono gastric animals:
a. based on digestible carbohydrates amylose and amylopectin
b. based on indigestible fructooligosaccharides and mannanooligosaccharides
c. based on slowly digestible prolamins in the endosperm of grains
b. based on indigestible fructooligosaccharides and mannanooligosaccharides
The optimal vegetation phase for harvesting alfalfa silage is:
a. at the time of flowering with a content of CP 20%, ADF 40% and NDF 30% in dry matter
b. after flowering at a content of CP 15%, ADF 40% and NDF 50% in dry matter
c. bud formation at a content of CP 20%, ADF 30% and NDF 40% in dry matter
c. bud formation at a content of CP 20%, ADF 30% and NDF 40% in dry matter
