Deck 1 Flashcards
List the meninges
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
List the dural reflections
Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, and diaphragma sellae.
Name the two (histological) layers of the dura
Periosteal layer and meningeal layer.
What effect can the trigeminal nerve provoke in the dura and what neurotransmitter is involved in this process?
The trigeminal nerve can provoke pain and inflammation in the dura via the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).
What are the leptomeninges
The arachnoid mater and pia mater.
List the items of the leptomeninges
Arachnoid mater, pia mater, and arachnoid trabeculae.
Characterize the structure of the arachnoid
- thin,
- avascular membrane
*with web-like structure connected to the pia mater by arachnoid trabeculae.
What are the components of the arachnoid trabeculae?
Collagen fibers and fibroblasts
Characterize the structure of the pia mater
- pia mater is a delicate
- vascularized membrane
- closely follows the contours of the brain and spinal cord.
Characterize the structure of the liquor (cerebrospinal fluid) brain barrier
- ependymal cells lining the ventricles
- with tight junctions regulating the exchange between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain interstitial fluid.
Characterize the structure of the blood-brain barrier
- Endothelial cells of capillaries
- tight junctions,
- a basal lamina
- astrocytic endfeet surrounding the vessels.
What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?
- regulate movement of substances btw the bloodstream and brain
- protecting the brain from toxins and pathogens
- maintains a stable environment
What is the function of the liquor brain barrier
- regulate the exchange of molecules btw the CSF and brain interstitial fluid
- maintains ionic balance
- removes waste.
How do the layers of the meninges form the wall of a dural sinus
- periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater separate
- to form the walls of dural venous sinuses, which collect venous blood.
Which filaments are in the astrocytes?
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) filaments.
What space contains the cerebrospinal fluid (liquor)
The subarachnoid space.
What is the function of the denticulate ligament?
- anchors the spinal cord laterally to the dura mater,
- providing stability.
What are the components of the Virchow-Robin’s space?
- Extensions of the subarachnoid space surrounding blood vessels as they penetrate the brain
- containing interstitial fluid and immune cells.
Where does the absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid occur?
In the arachnoid granulations (villi) of the dural venous sinuses.
Which layers of the meninges are visible in the histological slide of the spinal cord?
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
What is the importance of the transition zone of the motor fibers leaving the spinal cord?
site of transitions from central oligodendrocyte-derived myelin to peripheral Schwann cell-derived myelin.
What cells can be found inside the vagus nerve?
- Sensory neurons
- motor neurons
- parasympathetic preganglionic neurons,
- Schwann cells.
Where is the carotid body (glomus caroticum) located
At the bifurcation of the common carotid artery.
What is the function of the carotid body (glomus caroticum)?
- To detect changes in blood oxygen,
- carbon dioxide,
- pH levels,
- aiding in respiratory regulation.
Which cells are in the carotid body (glomus caroticum)
- Glomus (type I) cells
- sustentacular (type II) cells.
