Deck 1

Question 1

What is the anatomical/histological substrate of the enlargements of the
spinal cord?

Answer 1

function: Innervation of the muscles of the limbs
Cervical Enlargement C5-T1
Lumbosacral Enlargement L1-S3

To add
Cervical enlargment contains the brachial plexus (C5-T1)
Lumbar “ “ the lumbosacral plexus (L1-S3)

Question 2

At which vertebra level is the medullary cone located in adults?

Answer 2

Vertebrae L1 to L2

AKA Conus medullaris

Question 3

What sort of nerve fibers travel in the anterior root?

Answer 3

MOTOR fibers: somatomotor and visceromotor fibers

to add

pilomotor as well

Question 4

What sort of nerve fibers travel in the posterior root?

Answer 4

SENSORY fibers: somatosensory and viscerosensory fibers

Question 5

Which cisterns are used for CSF withdrawal?

Answer 5

Cisterna magna
lumbar cistern

Question 6

What are the names of (both potential and real) spaces between the Layers of the spinal meninges?

Answer 6

Epidural space REAL
Subdural space POTENTIAL
Subarachnoid space REAL

Question 7

Which pathways travel in the anterior funiculus?

Answer 7

Anterior Corticospinal Tract
Vestibulospinal Tract
Reticulospinal Tract
Anterior Spinothalamic Tract

Question 8

Which pathways travel in the lateral funiculus?

Answer 8

1. Lateral Spinothalamic Tract
2. Anterior and Posterior Spinocerebellar Tracts
3. Lateral Corticospinal Tract
4. Rubrospinal Tract

Question 9

Which pathways travel in the posterior funiculus?

Answer 9

Gracile fasciculus
Cuneate fasciculus
Fasciculus septomarginalis

Question 10

What are Rexed laminae (spinal laminae of Rexed)?

Answer 10

Rexed laminae are layers of gray matter in the spinal cord that organize neurons.

Lamina I-IV: Handle sensory information like pain and temperature.

Lamina V-VI: Integrate sensory input and project to the brain.

Lamina VII: Contains interneurons and the dorsal nucleus of Clarke.

Lamina VIII: Involved in motor control.

Lamina IX: Contains motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles.

Lamina X: Surrounds the central canal with a mix of neurons and glia.

Question 11

How many Rexed laminae are found in the gray matter of spinal
cord?

Answer 11

10

Question 12

Where does the 1st cervical nerve exit from the vertebral
column?

Answer 12

Between the atlas and occipital bone

Question 13

Where does the 8th cervical nerve exit from the vertebral
column?

Answer 13

Between the vertebrae C7 and T1.

Question 14

What make up the cauda equina?

Answer 14

bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve rootlets consisting of
2nd-5th lumbar nerve pairs,1st-5th sacral nerve pairs, and the
coccygeal nerve, all of which arise from the lumbar enlargement
and the filum terminale of the spinal cord.

Question 15

Which cranial nerves exit from the retro-olivary groove?

Answer 15

Glossopharyngeal 9th (CN. IX) and Vagus10th (CN. X) and Accessory
Nerve 11th (CN. XI)

Question 16

.Which cranial nerve exits from the pre-olivary groove?

Answer 16

Hypoglossal n. (CN. XII)

Question 17

Which cranial nerves exit from the pontocerebellar angle?

Answer 17

Vestibulocochlear n. (CN. VIII.) and facial n. (CN. VII.)

Question 18

Where does the oculomotor nerve exit from the brainstem?

Answer 18

Through the interpeduncular fossa

Question 19

Where does the trochlear nerve exit from the brainstem?

Answer 19

On the dorsal side of the midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus.

Question 20

Where does the trigeminal nerve exit from the brainstem?

Answer 20

Rostral anterior surface of pons
At the junction between pons and middle cerebellar peduncle.

Question 21

Where does the abducent nerve exit from the brainstem?

Answer 21

At the junction of the pons and pyramid/ pontomedullary junction or
bulbopontine sulcus

Question 22

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit from the brainstem?

Answer 22

Pre-olivary groove.