Deck 1

Question 1

What is preload?
A. The amount of ventricular stretch at the end of diastole.
B. The amount of resistance the heart must overcome to open the aortic valve.
C. The blood pressure in the venae cavae.

Answer 1

A. The amount of ventricular stretch at the end of diastole.

Question 2

How is preload affected?
A. Structure of the myocardium
B. Blood Pressure
C. Blood vessel flexibility
D. Valve abnormalities

Answer 2

A. Structure of the myocardium

Question 3

What is afterload?
A. The amount of ventricular stretch at the end of diastole.
B. The amount of resistance the heart must overcome to open the aortic valve.
C. The blood pressure in the venae cavae.

Answer 3

B. The amount of resistance the heart must overcome to open the aortic valve.

Question 4

How is afterload affected?
A. Structure of the myocardium
B. Blood Pressure
C. Blood vessel flexibility
D. Valve abnormalities

Answer 4

B. Blood pressure

Question 5

Which of the following terms leads to an increase in blood pressure?
A. Stroke volume
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Vasodilation
D. Valsalva maneuver

Answer 5

B. Vasoconstriction

Question 6

What is cardiac output?
A. The amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute.
B. The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart during each systolic cardiac contraction.
C. The percentage of blood that leaves your left ventricle when your heart contracts.

Answer 6

A. The amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute.

Question 7

What is stroke volume?
A. The amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute.
B. The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart during each systolic cardiac contraction.
C. The percentage of blood that leaves your left ventricle when your heart contracts.

Answer 7

B. The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart during each systolic cardiac contraction.

Question 8

Which of the following terms is defined as signs and symptoms that indicate unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction?
A. Stable angina
B. Variant angina
C. Unstable angina

Answer 8

C. Unstable angina

Question 9

Which of the following are non-modifiable risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?
A. Hyperlipidemia
B. Male gender over 45 and postmenopausal women
C. Hypertension
D. Stress

Answer 9

B. Male gender over 45 and post menopausal women

Question 10

What are the symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?
A. Increased appetite
B. Chest pain/tightness
C. Muscle weakness
D. Fever

Answer 10

B. Chest pain/tightness

Question 11

Which type of angina is characterized by chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t get enough oxygen-rich blood and is relieved by rest or medication?
A. Unstable (preinfarction) Angina
B. Variant (Prinzmetal’s) Angina
C. Stable (exertional) Angina

Answer 11

C. Stable (exertional) Angina

Question 12

Which cardiac laboratory test is often used as an indicator of long-term heart damage?

A. Creatine kinase
B. Myoglobin
C. Troponin I
D. Troponin T

Answer 12

C. Troponin I

Question 13

Match the diagnostic test with the correct indication:
A. Cardiac catheterization - Coronary artery disease
B. Stress test - Heart’s response to external stress
C. Troponin I - Acute MI
D. Troponin T - Long-term heart damage
E. ECG - Dysrhythmias

Answer 13

A. Cardiac catheterization - Coronary artery disease
B. Stress test - Heart’s response to external stress
C. Troponin I - Acute MI
D. Troponin T - Long-term heart damage
E. ECG - Dysrhythmias

Question 14

What is the term for the sound caused by the closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves during ventricular contraction?
A. S1 or “Lub”
B. S2 or “Dub”
C. S3 or “ventricular gallop”
D. S4 or “atrial gallop”

Answer 14

A. S1 or “Lub”

Question 15

What type of murmurs are generally not as concerning as diastolic murmurs?
A. Physiologic murmurs
B. Systolic murmurs
C. Ejection murmurs
D. Regurgitant murmurs

Answer 15

B. Systolic murmurs

Question 16

Which mnemonic can be used to remember the causes of diastolic murmurs?
A. “HEART SOUNDS”
B. “AORTIC STENOSIS”
C. “ARMS”
D. “Mr. Peyton Manning as MVP”

Answer 16

D. “Mr. Peyton Manning as MVP”

Question 17

Which of these terms refers to the heart relaxing?

Answer 17

A. Systole
B. Diastole
C. Regurgitation
D. Relaxation

Question 18

Which of these treatments is indicated in prevention/health maintenance of valvular disease?
A. Antibiotics
B. Normal Saline
C. Bed rest
D. Antiviral medication

Answer 18

D. Antiviral medication

Question 19

What is the term for abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue or alveolar space?
A. Heart attack
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Pneumothorax

Answer 19

C. Pulmonary edema

Question 20

Which of the following is a symptom of left-sided heart failure?
A. Jugular vein distention
B. Ascending dependent edema
C. Dyspnea
D. Enlarged liver

Answer 20

C. Dyspnea

Question 21

Which of the following laboratory tests is used to assess heart failure severity based on BNP levels?
A. Creatine kinase
B. Troponin I
C. Human B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP)
D. Myoglobin

Answer 21

C. Human B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP)

Question 22

Determine if each symptom is most common in left or right-sided heart failure or both.
• Crackles
• Wheezing
• Jugular vein distention
• Fatigue
• Edema
• Restlessness
• Tachycardia
• Ascites
• Exertional dyspnea

Answer 22

Crackles: Both
Wheezing: Both
Jugular vein distention: Right
Fatigue: Both
Edema: Right
Restlessness: Both
Tachycardia: Both
Ascites: Right
Exertional dyspnea: Both

Question 23

What is the most common cause of aortic abdominal aneurysm (AAA)?
A. Trauma
B. Congenital weakness
C. Cocaine use
D. Atherosclerosis

Answer 23

D. Atherosclerosis

Question 24

In patients with aortic dissection, what is a common clinical manifestation?
A. Gradual onset of pain
B. Elevated BP in both arms
C. Sudden, severe pain (tearing or ripping)
D. Hypotension

Answer 24

C. Sudden, severe pain (tearing or ripping)