Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Major Incidents > Deck 1 > Flashcards

Deck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The Civil Contingency Act (CCA2004) is separated into 2 substantive parts.

A

The Act is separated into two substantive parts:
• Part 1: focuses on local arrangements for civil protection,
establishing a statutory framework of roles and responsibilities for
local responders
• Part 2: focuses on emergency powers, establishing a modern
framework for the use of special legislative measures that might
be necessary to deal with the effects of the most serious
emergencies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an emergency?

A

Under section 1(1) of the CCA 2004 an ‘emergency’ is defined as:
o (a) an event or situation which threatens serious damage to
human welfare in a place in the United Kingdom;
o (b) an event or situation which threatens serious damage to the
environment of a place in the United Kingdom; or
o (c) war, or terrorism, which threatens serious damage to the
security of the United Kingdom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who are category one responders

A

Category 1 responders are those organisations at the core of an emergency response and
are subject to the full set of civil protection duties:
o assess the risk of emergencies occurring and use this to inform contingency planning
o put in place emergency plans
o put in place business continuity management arrangements
o put in place arrangements to make information available to the public about civil
protection matters and maintain arrangements to warn, inform and advise the public in
the event of an emergency
o share information with other local responders to enhance coordination
o co-operate with other local responders to enhance coordination and efficiency
o provide advice and assistance to businesses and voluntary organisations about business
continuity management (Local Authorities only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who are cat 1 responders

A

Emergency Services
• Police forces
• British Transport Police
• Fire authorities
• Ambulance services
• Maritime and Coastguard Agency
Local Authorities
• All principal local authorities (i.e.
metropolitan districts, shire counties,
shire districts, shire unitaries)
• Port Health Authorities
AAP / Session Title / Date Created / Version No
9
Health Bodies
• Integrated Care Boards (ICB) /
Integrated Care Systems (ICS)
• Primary Care Trusts
• Acute Trusts
• Foundation Trusts
• Local Health Boards (in Wales)
• Any Welsh NHS Trust which provides
public health services
• Health Protection Agency
Government Agencies
• • Environment A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Summary of plans

A

Commanders work to these plans and they are there to keep staff
and patients safe. Please follow Commander’s instruction at all
times.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a major incident or emergency

A

A major incident is any occurrence that presents serious threat
to the health of the community or causes such numbers or
types of casualties, as to require special arrangements to be
implemented’ – NHS England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What or who are JESIP

A

• JESIP principles remain essential to the effective interoperability of emergency services
• JESIP provides generic guidance on the action’s agencies should take when responding to
multi-agency incidents of any scale
• It is built on common principles for consistent terminology and ways of working
• At large scale incidents staff must follow instructions from commanders
• The overall aim is to make sure that we can get to patients quickly, utilising dynamic risk
assessments with triage, treatment and transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the principles for Joint working

A
  • co- late
  • communicate
  • co ordinate
  • jointly understand risk
  • shared situational awareness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Identify commanders at scene

A
  • fire - all white silver strips.
  • police white and blue checks
  • ambulance white and green silver strips
  • ambulance operational commander - yellow bottom half green/ white checks at the top
  • coast guard blue yellow bottom white top
  • coast guard officer in charge - blue/yellow red top
  • miscellaneous incident commander- all orange
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Difference between commander and control

A

Commander
• The exercise of vested authority which is associated with
a rank or role within an organisation to give direction to
achieve defined objectives
Control
• The application of authority combined with the capability
to manage resources to achieve defined objectives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A

COMMAND AND CONTROL Implement the command structure
SAFETY Commanders must ensure the safety of ALL responders, patients and the public. This
is achieved through risk assessment and the use of control measures
COMMUNICATIONS Commanders must ensure effective communications both internally and externally,
using plain English which is free of technical jargon
ASSESSMENT
Commanders must utilise the information and intelligence available to assess the
incident. From this, a plan will be developed to deal with the incident, including the
level and type of resources required
TRIAGE Casualties are treated in the most appropriate manner through the use of a triage
process. This is an initial triage SIEVE with a further triage SORT
TREATMENT Once triage has taken place, patient care and treatment can commence and continue
through to definitive care
TRANSPORT The availability of transport may vary so careful consideration must be given to the
capability and suitability of transport types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Command structure

A

The Ambulance Service, along with the other blue light services,
employ a 3-tier command system
• Strategic
– Sets the direction, co-ordinates responders, prioritises resources
• Tactical
– Interprets the direction, develops a plan, co-ordinates activities and assets
• Operational
– Implements the plan, co-ordinates actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is strategic commander

A

Overall responsibility for the command of the response and
recovery of an incident or a pre-planned event. They set the
Ambulance Service strategy and the framework for the Tactical
Commander to work within
• They commit the Trust to a course of action without any further
authority
• Whilst they do not make Tactical decisions, they maintain
responsibility for ensuring that the tactics employed are
proportionate, appropriate and effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tactical incident commander

A

• 24/7 Regional response
• 2 On duty – 1 Mobile, 1 within EOC (TCCC)
• Delegated Command Authority from the CEO
• Early implementation of command structure at significant
Incidents
• Effective use of resource and reduction of incident cycle
times
• Utilising Major Incident Procedures at smaller incidents
to embed into Organisational learning
• Pastoral and mentoring function
• Welfare and debriefing
• Contact / response for serious staff welfare issues
• Continuous Peer support within the team
• Support DMs with EOC welfare / debriefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tactical command cell (TCC)

A

Maintain Tactical oversight of incidents
• Direct point of contact for Trust
Commanders
• Work closely with Duty Managers,
Strategic Capacity Cell, Regional
Trauma Desk and Incident Command
Desk Supervisors to ensure an effective
Trust response to incidents
• Can stand up a number of functions to
support the Trust
• Act as a critical friend to the Duty TIC,
interpreting information and intelligence
• Maintains oversight of the Airbox
Application

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

National Inter-Agency Liaison Officer (NILO)

A

• 24/7 Regional response
• 1 On duty available to contact through the on-call roster
• Specialist advisory role to commanders and have extensive
knowledge of external agencies capabilities, which can influence
command decisions
• Primary source of specialist information from multi-agency
partners
• Liaise with partners during the planning and operational phases
to gain vital information which may assist the Trust response
• Security Cleared to be able to receive sensitive information to
filter and disseminate to commanders where appropriate
• Can support Strategic and Tactical Co-ordinating Groups, as well
as Counter Terroristt Police Operating Rooms (CTPO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Medical Advisor (MA)

A

ULANCE PRACTITIONERS
OFFICIAL - Business data that is not intended for public consumption. However, this can be shared with external partners, as required. AAP / Session Title / Date Created / Version No
38
Medical Advisor (MA)
• 24/7 Availability through the on-call function
• Provides specialist advice to the Tactical
Commander to enhance decision making
• To take clinical responsibility for the care of
casualties and their appropriate distribution
to receiving hospitals
• To act as an on scene clinical link to the on-
call public health, UKHSA or other Strategic
advisers, providing accurate situation reports
and risk or threat assessments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hazardous Area Response Team (HART

A

• The UK risk register of civil emergencies
details a range of threats to society, including
accidental, environmental and malicious
hazards
• The NHS are obligated to provide care to those
who are caught inside the inner cordon of high-
risk emergencies and we are unable to
discharge our duty of care onto other
emergency services
• HART have a series of interoperable
capabilities which allow the NHS to deploy into
high-risk environments, essential to saving life
and improve clinical outcomes
• HART are on a 30 minute notice to move
anywhere across the UK, to provide mutual
aid, as part of the Interoperable Capabilities

19
Q

Safe System of Work (SSoW)

A

NARU outline the following 4 key
pillars to safe and effective activities
that HART will follow during the
course of their duties:
1) Suitable Equipment
2) Suitably Trained Staff
3) Risk Management Processes
4) Standard Operating Procedures

20
Q

National Ambulance Resilience Unit (NARU)

A

• Established in 2011 as a central support unit for all UK
ambulance services, to ensure the ambulance service as
a whole can respond to a variety of hazardous and
challenging incidents in the safest and most effective way
possible
• Comprised of national subject matter experts, NARU’s
key role is to maintain and develop the high standards
expected of the NHS ambulance service’s specialist
interoperable capabilities so they are effective and fit for
purpose.

21
Q

Crew Action Cards

A

• You may arrive first at the scene of a very
challenging significant or major incident
• It is imperative that you try to remain
calm, there are several mechanisms in
place to support you
• Remember, there are several
Commanders and specialist resources en
route to support the incident
• Follow the action cards that have been
produced to give clarity and provide
structure to the response

22
Q

The WINDSCREEN Report

A

• Announce your arrival at scene
through the dedicated Talkgroup
• This report has limited structure,
but allows the start of the ‘common
operating picture’
• ‘Say what you see

23
Q

M/ETHANE Report

A

• Structured report, used by all of the
emergency services
• Should be passed using plain
English, ensuring clarity for those
receiving the message
• Confirm that the message has been
received.

24
Q

How do cordons relate to
command and control?

A

Strategic = Off scene, set the
strategy
Tactical = Can be at scene or off
scene, create the plan to meet
the strategy
Operational = Always at scene,
implementing the plan.

25
Q

Marauding Terrorist Attacks (MTA)

A

• Developed from operational experience, learning from attacks
which took place in 2017, the Kerslake Report and lessons
from live exercises & further updated in 2020 following further
lessons learned
• They are primarily designed to assist the emergency services
to deliver an effective and coordinated multi-agency response
to an ongoing MTA
• Currently under review with an updated version to follow.

26
Q

Operation ‘PLATO

A

• Operation PLATO is described as:
• ‘The agreed national identifier for the multi
agency response to an ongoing Marauding
Terrorist Attack (MTA).’
• ‘A marauding attack will involve an attacker
actively and deliberately seeking out new
victims.’
• This definition will have an impact upon how
commanders, supervisors, specialist
responders, non-specialist responders and
control room staff deal with an MTA.
AAP / Session Title / Date Created / Version No
63
An OP PLATO declaration initiates adoption of the
JOP’s by the emergency services. It also:
• Activates the coordinated multi-agency
response
• Prepares the ‘mind set’ of nature of incident
• Mobilise armed resources/ specialist military
assets
• Mobilise national Counter-Terrorism policing
network & partners
Only the POLICE can formally
declare Operation PLAT

27
Q

SCENE ASSESSMENT
Hot Zone

A

An area assessed to contain a credible and continuing
threat to life, including the presence of attackers with
weapons.’
▪ The response in the Hot Zone may include a
combination of specialist and non-specialist multi-
agency responders dependent upon the nature of the
threat and attack methodolog

28
Q

SCENE ASSESSMENT
Warm Zone

A

OFFICIAL - Business data that is not intended for public consumption. However, this can be shared with external partners, as required.
SCENE ASSESSMENT
Warm Zone
‘An area where the attackers are not believed to be
present at this time, but an identified threat remains.’
▪ The response in the Warm Zone will vary depending
on the attack methodology, the threat, and measures
in place to mitigate that threat.
▪ Warm Zone response may include both specialist and
non-specialist multi-agency responders.

29
Q

SCENE ASSESSMENT
Cold Zone

A

An area where no known threat exists or where appropriate
control measures have been implemented.’
▪ The RVP and FCP will be in the Cold Zone.
▪ Some Cold Zones will not require any control measu

30
Q

SCENE ASSESSMENT
Reviewing of Zones

A

▪ The size, location and necessity for zones should be
continuously reviewed and every effort should be made to
reclassify or remove zones to accurately reflect the constantly
evolving threat and risk.
▪ This revision to the JOPs places much greater emphasis on the
dynamic assessment of risk and joint decision-making by
commanders from all 3 services, in particular those assigned
to the RVP or FCP

31
Q

CASUALTY MANAGEMENT

A

‘The overarching priority is the rapid deployment of responders to
deliver clinical care to save life.’
‘The speed at which patients are treated and moved from the point of
injury to definitive care will affect survival rates.’
▪ A range of tactical options are available, and responders should be
pragmatic with their application.

32
Q

CASUALTY MANAGEM

A

The Casualty Management Plan (CMP) should be developed by the Tactical
Commander before the deployment of responders. It should be continually
reviewed and adjusted, with regards to the threat, mechanism and types
of injuries encountered.
▪ Decisions regarding the deployment and locations of responders (and zones)
will be made as part of a joint assessment of risk. This must also include
appropriate risk mitigation before responders are deployed
▪ Responders should rapidly assess and treat casualties, and if required,
move on to the next casualty. Where casualty numbers are significant, ‘treat
and leave’ should be considered

33
Q

TREAT & TAKE

A

• A Process of removing all P1 & P2 as they
are triaged.
• Triage Sieve is still carried out
• Where there are casualty ‘clusters’ they
should still be removed by priority.
• To be used when there are sufficient
resources to allow without denying further
casualties their Article 2 Right to Life
• Must be coordinated by Paramedics

34
Q

SNATCH RESCUE

A

• Down to DRA of Responder
• Only carry out if no other way
• Ensure to notify someone of intent

35
Q

Casualty Collection Point

A

bility
• Personnel
Casualty Collection Point
8
1
A Casualty Collection point
(CCP) is an area where
casualties are grouped, their
condition reviewed, and
BASIC clinical care provided.
The CCP may be some
distance from the more heavily
resourced CCS and CLP.
It provides an interim location
to allow basic lifesaving
interventions to ensure the
best possible chance of
survival during extrication

36
Q

SADCHAMP

A

• Safety / Size
• Access / Egress
• Dispersal
• Communications
• Hard Standing
• Anticipated
• Mobility
• Personnel

37
Q

The IIMARCH Briefing Model

A

Information
Intent
Method
Administration
Risk assessment
Communication
Humanitarian issues

38
Q

HAZMAT

A

HAZMAT Is an
accidental release of a
substance, agent or
material which results in
illness or injury to the
public or the denial of an
area or the interruption
of the food chain

39
Q

CBRNe

A

CBRNe Is a deliberate
murderous and
malicious act, the
intention of which is to
kill, sicken or prevent
society from continuing
with their normal daily
business

40
Q

Operational Respon

A

IOR provides potentially lifesaving interventions in the
absence of specialist training or equipment and merges
into SOR as specialist assets and resources become
available.
The removal of clothing (disrobe) has been deemed as
extremely effective in removing contaminants from a
casualty. The overarching objective is to ensure that all
casualties receive the best possible treatment at the
earliest opportunity.

41
Q

What is our role at these incidents

A

• Co-ordination of NHS resources at the scene
• Act as gatekeeper to wider NHS services
• Decontamination of casualties
• Treatment and care of casualties at scene
• Provision of appropriate means of transporting casualties to
treatment centres
• Provide NHS communications at the scene

42
Q

What is RAR

A

Recognise
Assess
React

43
Q

Who are SORT

A

OFFICIAL - Business data that is not intended for public consumption. However, this can be shared with external partners, as required.
11
1
• Special Operations Response Team (SORT) Operatives are
clinical members of staff who complete specialist training. They
have no extra clinical capability, but acquire the skills to work in
specialist PPE
• They may be required to decontaminate casualties with clinical
interventions such as airway adjuncts in situ, tourniquets and
IO needles sited and medications such as antidotes and pain
relief administered.
• Operatives are competent in the use of Powered Respiratory
Protective Suits (PRPS) to enable them to work within the
Warm Zone, completing technical decontamination as part of
SOR

44
Q

CBRN – Key Points

A

Early IOR and implementation of the ‘Remove, Remove, Remove’
principles, commencing as soon as possible
• There are a number of specialists within the Trust who are here to
support you, including HART, NILO, TIC and the TCC
• Early communication of concerns from scene is key to allow
specialist resources to be deployed in a timely manner to support
the incident
• You MUST follow the instruction of the incident commander to
ensure your own personal safet

Major Incidents (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions