Decision Making

Question 1

It is the fundamental process of management.

Answer 1

Decision Making

Question 2

It is only one of manager’s tasks. It is but a small fraction of his time. But to make decisions is his specific work.

Answer 2

Decision Making

Question 3

Characteristics of a effective manager:

Answer 3

• He or she concentrates on the important ones.
• He or she knows that a decision must be based on a principle and should be made on the merits of the case.
• He or she insist on alternatives, so that he can choose the one appropriate one.
• He or she constantly monitors the result of the decision to ascertain that the desired objectives have been achieved.

Question 4

Most successful decision making follows a process that consist of the following steps:

Answer 4

1. Identify the problem
2. Specify objectives and the decision criteria
3. Develop alternatives
4. Analyze and compare alternatives
5. Select the best alternative
6. Implement the chosen alternative
7. Monitor results to ensure the desired results are achieved

Question 5

Reasons for Poor Decisions

Answer 5

1. Errors made in the decision process
2. Bounded rationality
3. Sub-optimism

Question 6

What are the elements of decision process

Answer 6

1. See if the problem was generic and could only be solved through a decision established by a rule, or principle.
2. Define the specifications which the answer to the problem had to satisfy, that is, of the boundary conditions.
3. The thinking through what is right, that is, the solution which will satisfy the specifications before attention is given to the compromises, adaptations, and concessions needed to make the decision acceptable.
4. The building into the decision of the action to carry it out.
5. The feedback, which tests the validity and effectiveness of the decision against the actual course of events.

Question 7

Questions that answer to the problem had to satisfy.

Answer 7

• What the decision has to accomplish?
• What are the objectives, the decision has to reach?
• What are the minimum goals it has to attain?
• What are the conditions it has to satisfy?

Question 8

What is the main task a manager does?

Answer 8

The time spent working with the people

Question 9

Types of time waste

Answer 9

1 . OVER STAFFING
2 . MAL-ORGANIZATION

Question 10

It is a means that management uses to bring employees behavior under control.

Answer 10

Discipline

Question 11

The purpose of discipline is?

Answer 11

Preventive, that is to prevent the commission of an act which violates the
policies, rules and regulations of the company.

Question 12

is a form of control to protect the interests of the company as well as those of the employees.

Answer 12

Discipline

Question 13

What are the principle of Discipline?

Answer 13

 Disciplinary action should not be taken unless there is an obvious necessity for it.
 The reasons for disciplinary action should be made clear.
 Give the man a chance to present his side of the story, and do not argue.
 There should be no favoritism or
discrimination in any disciplinary action.
 Reprimand should be given as soon as possible after the occurrence of the act. Right timing is important, but first have all the facts.
 Forgive and forget. When disciplinary action has been given, the supervisor should resume a normal attitude toward the offending employee.
 Never discipline anyone in the presence of others.
 The discipline that is inflicted must be just, but sufficiently severe to meet the requirements of the situation
 Disciplinary measure should be applied by the immediate superior of the employee affected, rather than by some other higher executive.
 In general, negative disciplinary action cannot be successfully applied to large groups of employees representing a substantial portion of one’s organization.If there is poor discipline among a large group, it is possible that there is something vitally wrong in the
situation. The remedy is correction of the situation, not disciplinary action.
 In determining the nature and degree of disciplinary action that is made necessary by some improper act of an employee, the intent should be considered.
 Discipline should be constructive. It should show the offender how to correct his errors and leave him willing and anxious to improve rather than feel bitter and resentful.

 Except in cases of extremely serious offenses, no
disciplinary action should be permitted to take place
until the supervisor has actually talked the situation
over with the employee.
 Discipline should not be administered on an entirely routine basis. Each case should be treated individually. You cannot discipline a group to teach a few offenders.
 Maintain a constant and sincere interest in your people’s welfare on and off the job. This reduces the need for disciplining to a minimum.
 Motivation is the secret of good discipline. When a man is sufficiently motivated, discipline will take care of itself.